Aim To evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcome of ovarian Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) managed at a single institution. Methods The hospital records of 17 patients with the diagnosis of ovarian SLCT between 1994 and 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Results The median age of the patients was 30 years (range, 18–67 years). All the patients had unilateral tumors. All of the 17 were stage 1 tumors. Two (11.8%) patients were stage 1C1 and two (11.8%) patients were stage 1C2. Thirteen (76.5%) patients were stage 1A. Three (17.6%) of the tumors were well differentiated, 11 (64.7%) were intermediately differentiated, 1 (5.9%) was poorly differentiated, and the degree of the differentiation was not identified for 2 (11.8%) patients. One showed retiform pattern and one had heterologous elements at the histopathologic evaluation. Among the 17 patients, we identified structural/vascular renal and ureteral anomalies in 3 (17.6%) patients. Eight patients underwent total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy, seven underwent unilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy or oophorectomy and two underwent cystectomy with or without additional surgical staging procedures. Four patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. All the 17 patients were alive and free of disease for 1–287 months after the diagnosis. Median follow‐up time was 78 months. None of the patients recurred. Conclusion Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors are rare ovarian malignancies with low recurrence rates and have a favorable outcome compared to malignant epithelial tumors of the ovary. Main treatment is surgical resection and it is appropriate to prefer fertility sparing conservative surgeries for young patients.

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IntroductionThe vanishing cancer phenomenon was first described by Goldstein in 1995 (1), who described two cases in which no residual carcinoma was present in radical prostatectomy specimens. Both cases involved low-grade and early stage disease with low-volume tumors in the biopsy specimens. The authors proposed that the possible reasons for vanishing cancer in biopsy proven specimens as early detection of prostate cancer in asymptomatic men (2,3) and a larger number of low-stage cancers being treated by prostatectomy. In early stage and low volume tumors (<0.01 cc), determining the residual microscopic tumor in the radical prostatectomy specimen is challenging for the pathologist. After 1995, more researchers reported increasing numbers of vanishing cancers in radical prostatectomy specimens with a prevalence of 0.07%-0.67% (1-5).Background/aim: The vanishing cancer phenomenon was first reported in radical prostatectomy specimens in the absence of neoadjuvant treatment. Reported cases are mostly well-differentiated and low-volume tumors. A similar entity was described for hysterectomy specimens of patients with biopsy proven endometrial cancer (EC). In this study, we discuss the probable reasons for vanishing EC and long-term follow-up results of EC patients without residual tumors in hysterectomy specimens. Materials and methods:This study was carried at two institutions in Ankara, Turkey, in a retrospective design. The computerized databases of both institutions were searched for endometrioid type EC patients whose final pathological specimens failed to show any residual tumor. Results:We evaluated 38 endometrial biopsy confirmed EC patients with no residual tumor detected in the hysterectomy specimens among a total of 224 women (17%) with the disease confined to the endometrium. During the follow-up period, no recurrences were noted among the patients. Conclusion:It can be suggested that premenopausal women with FIGO grade 1 endometrioid type EC with MRI proven "absent myometrial invasion" would have a significant probability of having no residual tumor after endometrial biopsy without any further medical treatment.

Background/aim: We aimed to define the effect of tumor size on recurrence and survival rates in patients with stage I-II endometrioidtype endometrial cancer. Materials and methods: A total of 550 patients who had total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvicparaaortic lymphadenectomy were included. Patients with extrauterine spread, sarcomatous components, or synchronized tumor and those who did not undergo lymphadenectomy or did not have data on tumor size were excluded. Results: The median tumor size was 35 mm (range: 3-335 mm). According to the 2009 International Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology (FIGO) criteria, 245 cases were defined as stage IA, 271 as stage IB, and 34 as stage II. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 92% and the 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) rate was 99%. The effects of prognostic factors on DFS were evaluated. Older age, stage II disease, deep myometrial invasion, and receiving adjuvant radiotherapy were associated with decreased DFS. There was no statistically significant association between tumor size and DFS. The 5-year DFS for patients with a tumor diameter of <35 mm, which was the median tumor size of the entire group, was 94%, while it was 89% for patients having a tumor diameter of >35 mm (P = 0.128). Conclusion: Tumor size was not a risk factor predicting recurrence in patients with stage I or II endometrioid-type endometrial cancer who had lymphadenectomy.

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