Latar Belakang: Perubahan gaya hidup dan pola makan menyebabkan tingginya angka kejadian obesitas di seluruh dunia yaitu 13% padat tahun 2016. Perbaikan status obesitas dapat dilakukan melalui jalur farmakologik ataupun non farmakologik. Metformin dan meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) mempunyai fungsi untuk menurunkan penyerapan asupan makanan.Tujuan: menganalisis pengaruh kombinasi metformin dan ekstrak air meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) terhadap perbaikan status obesitas tikus Sprague Dawley jantan.Metode: multigroup time series design.  Dua puluh empat ekor tikus dibuat obesitas dengan cara diberi pakan tambahan lemak sapi cair dan fruktosa terhadap pakan dasar AIN93G selama 5 minggu. Obesitas ditentukan dengan indeks Lee > 300. Sampel dikelompokkan menjadi 4 kelompok, kelompok 1 diberi metformin 45 mg/kg BB/hari, kelompok 2 diberi ekstrak air meniran 400 mg/kg BB/hari, kelompok 3 diberi kombinasi keduanya, dan kelompok 4 kontrol.Hasil: Selama penelitian ada perbedaan berat pakan dan asupan kalori  pada setiap kelompok perlakuan. Setelah 28 hari perlakuan ada perbedaan kenaikan berat badan dan perubahan indeks Lee antara ketiga kelompok perlakuan (ρ < 0,05), walaupun indeks Lee > 300.Kesimpulan: pemberian kombinasi ekstrak air meniran dan metformin dapat mengendalikan kenaikan berat badan dan menurunkan indeks Lee.

an expression of conflict in the field. To overcome this problem is a regulation of several parameters,including regulation of planting schedules and reduction of land area. The model of the irrigation water managementsystem used is based on the risk of land failure and the optimum area of land that can be planted. The parameters usedto overcome this problem are planting schedules, risk of land failure and factor k. The k factor is the ratio of wateravailability to water needs. The output of this system is optimal net benefit based on the optimal alternative irrigatedland area. The results of the formula will show the optimal amount of land area that produces optimal net benefitsbased on certain planting schedules and certain effective rainfall. This system will also show that optimization will beachieved if there is a water balance between the availability and needs of irrigation water. The system referred to inthis study is a dynamic system. The purpose of this study is to make a preliminary design of a dynamic system to optimizethe irrigation system of agricultural land. The results obtained in this study were in the form of feedback loops andinteractions between loops with each other in agricultural irrigation systems.

Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) extract is known to be a source of antioxidants and non-toxic. The content of antioxidants in meniran is donated by tannin. The use of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) extract as an herbal medicine has been widely used. Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) can be brewed as tea and made into a drink, but the content of antioxidants in meniran tea is not widely known. The use of meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) tea can directly avoid the effects of residual solvents on extracting. The purpose of this study is to determine the type of tannin and tannin content in meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) tea with the permanganometry method. Meniran tea (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) was made by washing and drying at room temperature. Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) was collected from grass or roadside in the Tasikmalaya Regency. The research were conducted at the Basic Laboratory of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Siliwangi University. The results of the qualitative analysis showed that tannins contained in meniran tea are included in a group of hydrolyzed tannins with tannin content of catechol complex. The tannin content contained in 1 gram of meniran tea is 7.56 mg (7.56%).

Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn.) is a medicinal plant that can reduce obesity status, hypoglycemic, hypotensive, and have antioxidant activity. Meniran has been long used as a medicinal plant, but its utilization in a form of water infusion is still rare. This research is a continuation study which aims to identify the biomolecules that have antioxidant activity in water infusion of meniran. The making of water infusion of meniran requires drying process, which can be done by room temperature drying and sun drying. Phenol and fl avonoid compounds in meniran are assumed to have antioxidant activity. Both compounds are easily oxidized and isomerized due to sun exposure. It is assumed that the drying method will aff ect the presence of phenol and fl avonoid compounds and its antioxidant activity. The study began with the process of sun drying and room temperature without direct sun exposure. Then the extraction process used water soxhlet by soxhlet extraction method. The extract was then tested qualitatively using the DPPH IC50 method. The results of the qualitative analysis with meniran color visualization are positive containing fl avonoids and phenols. The results of quantitative analysis of meniran which are dried by sun drying; fl avonoids 0.90% w/w and 1.65% w/w phenols, in samples stored at room temperature: 2.00% w/w fl avonoids and phenol 56.16% w/w. The antioxidant activity of IC50-DPHH in extract concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20 ppm) of dried meniran at room temperature 18.48 ppm, sun drying cannot be determined.

The existing condition of the irrigation area after construction or the irrigation area in operation needs to be evaluated because in the planning of water availability and irrigation water needs many parameters-parameters which is the result of the analysis approach or indeed the data - the data that then changed. The changing conditions of the data will cause many impacts. The risk of field failure is one of impact if water availability is less than the initial estimate. This paper reports the analysis of the availability of water and irrigation water requirements is dynamic, in this study the availability of water is analyzed with 80% reliability. Irrigation water demand is based on regulation of planting schedule and reduction of field area with the intention of reducing the risk of greater field failure. The results obtained are alternative field area of optimum irrigation, regulation of planting schedule and operation of floodgates in the taking or building structure for the review. Field area and Regulation of planting schedule are analyzed by simulation. The mathematical model that will be produced is the optimum model of irrigation water management and mathematical model of field failure risk. This study can be an evaluation model especially for irrigated areas in dry field areas.