The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different seasons on blood biochemical parameters of male dromedary camels in Algeria. A total number of 30 clinically healthy camels from five to seven years old were sampled in this study and biochemical analysis were performed using an automatic analyzer. The obtained results showed that the urea, creatine kinase and alanine amino transferase concentrations increased significantly during summer compared to other seasons. However, lactate dehydrogenase concentration increased significantly during winter versus other seasons. On the other hand, no significant effect of season was found on glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine, aspartate amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase concentrations.

Subclinical mastitis in dairy camels in Algeria: Comparison of screening testsThe aim of the present study was to determine a threshold values and to assess the effectiveness of four indirect tests for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in dairy camels comparing with bacteriological culture. One hundred fifty three milk samples from 17 lactating camels were subjected to bacteriological culture, where 84 milk samples were positive, 47 were negative and 22 samples were considered as contaminated. A total of 131 milk samples were screened by pH, electrical conductivity (EC), California mastitis test (CMT) and somatic cell count (SCC). The good combination of sensitivity and specificity were obtained with a threshold of 6.55, 7.2 mS/cm, score trace was considered as CMT (+) and 240 000 cells/ml for the four tests, respectively. The sensitivity of the SCC, pH, EC and CMT was 72. 61, 66.66, 47.61 and 39.28 %; the specificity 70.21, 38.02, 59.57 and 72.34 %; percentage accuracy 71.75, 51.14, 51.90 and 51.14 %; and positive predictive value 81.33, 47.61, 67.79 and 71.73 %, respectively. The SCC was significantly correlated with bacteriological culture (r = 0.415, p < 0.05). Kappa value of SCC was higher than that of other tests (SCC > CMT > EC > pH). In conclusion, the results suggest that the SCC was the most accurate, reliable, diagnostic method compared to other tests used in this study after cultural isolation for the detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy camel under field conditions. Key words: camels; dromedaries; Camelus dromedarius; lactation; subclinical mastitis; screening tests; indirect tests; pH value; electrical conductivity; California Mastitis Test; somatic cell count; bacteriological test Subklinični mastitis pri mlečnih kamelah v Alžiriji: primerjava presejalnih testovNamen te študije je bil določiti mejne vrednosti in preveriti učinkovitost štirih posrednih testov za diagnozo subkliničnega mastitisa pri kamelah v primerjavi z bakteriološko kulturo. Sto triinpetdeset vzorcev mleka 17 kamel v laktaciji smo analizirali s kultivacijsko metodo, kjer je bilo 84 vzorcev mleka pozitivnih, 47 je bilo negativnih, 22 vzorcev pa je bilo okuže-nih. Na skupno 131 vzorcih mleka smo izmerili pH vrednost, električno prevodnost (EC) in število somatskih celic (SCC) ter opravili Kalifornijski test za mastitis (CMT). Dobro kombinacijo občutljivosti in specifičnosti smo dobili pri mejnih vrednostih: za pH 6,55, električno prevodnost 7,2 mS/cm, pozitivnim izidom CMT (+) in 240.000 somatskimi celicami na ml mleka. Občutljivost testa za SCC je bila 72,61, za pH 66,66, za EC 47,61 in za CMT 39,28 %. Specifičnost testov se je gibala med 38,02 in 72,34 %; natančnost med 51,14 in 71,75 % in pozitivna napovedna vrednost med 47,61 in 81,33 %. SCC je bilo statistično značilno povezano z bakteriološko kulturo (r = 0,415, p < 0,05). Kapa vrednost za SCC je bila višja kot pri drugih testih (SCC > CMT > ES > pH). Rezultati kažejo, da je v praktičnih pogojih reje SCC med primerjanimi metodami najnatančnejša in najbolj zaneslj...

Background:: Liver is one of the largest organs of the human body and the main site for intense metabolism and excretion. Liver injury or dysfunction is recognized as a serious worldwide health problem. Daphne gnidium L., medicinal plant widely distributed in Algeria and used by populations in traditional medicine in the treatment of hepatitis and other diseases. Objective:: Protective and curative effects of aqueous extract of Daphne gnidium L. leaves were investigated against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatic damage in rats (Wistar Albino). Method:: This study was conducted on 32 Albino rats, which were divided into four groups; the first served as control. Group II animals were treated intraperitoneally with CCl4 solution (3ml/kg). Group III animals were treated intraperitoneally with CCl4 solutions (3ml/kg) in the first day, and given aqueous Daphne extract orally at a dose level of (300 mg/kg) daily for 7 days (curative activity test). Animals of group IV were orally administered aqueous Daphne extract at a dose level of (300 mg/kg) daily, and on the seventh day treated intraperitoneally with CCl4 solution (3ml/kg) 3 hours after the latest extract administration (preventive activity test). Results:: Our results show that CCl4 significantly increases the relative liver weight, serum values of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, and Total bilirubin, as well as the hepatic rate of oxidative stress parameters; MDA, CAT activities, and significantly decreases hepatic GSH levels compared to the control group. These results were confirmed by liver lesions observed in histological analyses. Pre-treatment and curative treatment of dose 300 mg / kg of aqueous Daphne gnidium L. extract significantly reduced relative weight, serum levels of ALT, AST, ALP, GGT and Total bilirubin liver rate, CAT activity and increases GSH level. In addition, normal liver architecture has been restored. Conclusion:: The present study demonstrates the hepatoprotective and curative effects of aqueous extract Daphne gnidium leaves against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats by improving the antioxidant status in tissues (liver) and ameliorating the harmful effects induced by CCl4.

Background: Herbicides are routinely used to control noxious plants. Most of these chemicals may cause toxicity and endocrine disruption in humans and wildlife. background: Herbicides are routinely used to control noxious plants. Most of these chemicals may cause toxicity and endocrine disruption in humans and wildlife. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of linuron on thyroid hormone levels and some hepatic and renal parameters and organ (thyroid, liver and kidney) structures to assume their toxicity toward experimental animals and to evaluate the endocrine disrupting capacity of this chemical. objective: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of linuron on thyroid hormone levels and some biochemical parameters and organ structures to assume their toxicity toward experimental animals and to evaluate the endocrine disrupting capacity of this chemical. Methods: Two groups (8 rats each) were used for an in vivo study. The lot I served as control. Lot II was exposed to 40mg/200mg/day pesticide for 50 days. Changes in hepatic and renal parameters and histological structure were investigated in different treated groups. method: Two groups (8 rats each) were used for in vivo study. The lot I served as control. Lot II was exposed to pesticide 40mg/200mg/day for 50 days. Changes in biochemical parameters and histological structure were investigated in different treated groups. Result: Data from this study showed that linuron altered thyroid function as evidenced by abnormal TSH, T4, and T3 levels. Furthermore, exposure to linuron induces a significant decrease in body weight and a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, total bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine, glutathione, and malondialdehyde. Previous data were confirmed through the histopathological examination of different organs. result: Data from this study showed that linuron altered thyroid function as evidenced by abnormal TSH, T4, and T3 levels Furthermore, exposure to linuron induces a significant decrease in body weight and a significant increase in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine transaminase, total bilirubin, uric acid, creatinine, glutathione, and malondialdehyde. Previous data were confirmed through the histopathological examination of different organs. Conclusions: The most used phenylurea herbicide, linuron, disrupted thyroid function at a 40mg/200mg/day dose and produced oxidative stress in the liver and kidney in male Wistar rats. The data of this study warrant further investigation. other: no other

The antioxidant activity of 3-nitrophenylferrocene (3NPF) and 3,3'-nitrophenylferrocene (3,3'NPF) and their reduced amines was measured using superoxide anion radical (). Binding parameters such as binding free energies and binding constants were also calculated. sign and values suggest respectively the spontaneity and a strong interaction between the radical and all studied compounds. Molecular docking study showed that 3NPF is most inreactive compound against glutathione reductase enzyme having the the lowest docking scores of -16.96 kJ/mol. The two reduced forms were predected to be non-toxic and are not inhibitors of CYP450 2C19, 2D6 isoenzymes which suggests a decrease in their plasma concentrations and a rapid elimination route.