Structured document content reuse is the problem of restructuring and translating data structured under a source schema into an instance of a target schema. A notion closely tied with structured document reuse is that of structure transformations. Schema matching is a critical strep in structured document transformations. Manual matching is expensive and error-prone. It is therefore important to develop techniques to automate the matching process and thus the transformation process. In this paper, we contributed in both understanding the matching problem in the context of structured document transformations and developing matching methods those output serves as the basis for the automatic generation of transformation scripts.

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Due to the extensive use of XML markup language in the education domain, there has been a great interest on proposing rich data models (DTDs or recently XMLSchemas) that reflects course semantics. The existence of such rich schemas has made a large amount of heterogeneously structured courses widely available in distributed repositories. In this framework, sharing and reusing structured courses by several applications and users is of major concern. In this paper, we present the FAVORITE project, which proposes and describes a novel strategy to integrate heterogeneous XML Schemas. Two main aspects are considered in our approach. Firstly, integration aims to facilitate access to multiple distributed structured courses by providing global views that abstract and unify the original course sources. Secondly, integration also facilitates the task of adaptation, through conflict resolution techniques, which are responsible for extracting relevant semantic and structural information.RÉSUMÉ. L'utilisation croissante du langage XML dans le domaine de l'éducation est à la base de la conception de modèles de documents élaborés, que ce soit via des DTD ou, plus récemment via des schémas XML, visant à refléter la structure sémantique de contenus pédagogiques. L'existence de tels modèles a favorisé la production et la disponibilité de telles ressources, toutefois structurées de manière hétérogène. Dans un tel contexte, partager et réutiliser des ressources existantes s'avère d'un intérêt incontestable, à la fois en termes d'interopérabilité entre les applications et entre les différents auteurs. Le projet FAVORITE décrit notre approche basée sur l'intégration de schémas XML en vue de répondre à deux besoins essentiels en termes de réutilisabilité : l'accès aux données pédagogiques et leur adaptation à un contexte spécifique. D'une part, l'accès aux données est procuré au travers d'un schéma unifié ; d'autre part, sur cette base, nous facilitons leur adaptation à un nouveau contexte en dégageant les contraintes structurelles et sémantiques susceptibles d'être source de conflits.

Abstract.With the rise of the Internet, virtual communities of practice are gaining importance as a mean of sharing and exchanging information. In such environments, information reuse is of major concern. In this paper, we outline the importance of enriching documents with structural and semantic information in order to facilitate their reuse. We propose a framework for document reuse based on an explicit representation of the logical structure as well as links to domain ontologies. Such explicit representation facilitates the understanding of the original documents and helps considerably in automating the reuse process. Document reuse automation is based on matching techniques that consider several criteria including semantic and logical similarities.