Insect growth regulators generally have a selective effect on the target insects and have practically no apparent side effect on non-target organisms especially vertebrates. Hence, insect growth regulators could be a suitable choice to control pests in stored products. Ten-day-old larvae of Indian meal moth Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) were expressed to the juvenile hormone analogue pyriproxyfen in order to have an effect on growth, metamorphosis, reproduction, lipid and protein contents of ovaries. The larvae were treated by 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, and 0.3 ppm of JHA in an artificial diet where controls received acetone alone. The results indicated significant differences in duration of growth, mean longevity of hatched adults, percentage of emerged normal adults, abnormal pupae, hatched larvae and mean oviposition ratein addition to the lipid and protein of ovaries compared to the controls. An inhibition concentration of fifty (IF 50 ) for prevention of emerging adults was recorded 0.134 ppm. Pyriproxyfen caused significant defects in the legs and wings of some adults and sever morphological changes in the ovaries of emerged adults. The results showed that pyriproxyfen may be applied as an insecticide to decrease the damage caused by Indian meal moth on stored products. Pyriproxyfen can be used with low side effects to humans.

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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Homozygous and compound heterozygous variants in <i>GJC2</i>, the gene encoding connexin-47 protein, cause Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease type 1 or hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 2 (HLD2), a severe infantile-onset hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, and rarely some milder phenotypes like hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) type 44 (SPG44) and subclinical leukodystrophy. Herein, we report an Iranian <i>GJC2</i>-related family with intrafamilial phenotypic heterogeneity and review the literatures. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Whole-exome sequencing was performed for an Iranian proband, who was initially diagnosed as HSP case. Data were analyzed and the candidate variant was confirmed by PCR and Sanger sequencing subsequently checked in family members to co-segregation analysis. A careful clinical and paraclinical evaluation of all affected individuals of the family was done and compared with previous reported <i>GJC2</i>-related families. <b><i>Results:</i></b> A novel homozygous variant, c.G14T:p.Ser5Ile, in the <i>GJC2</i> gene was identified. The variant was co-segregated with the disease status in the family members. Clinical evaluation of all patients showed two distinct <i>GJC2</i>-related phenotypes in this family; the proband presented a complicated form of HSP, whereas both his affected sisters presented a HLD2 phenotype. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> Up to now, correlation between HSP and <i>GJC2</i> variants has been reported once. Here, the second case of SPG44 was identified that emphasizes on <i>GJC2</i> as a HSP-causing gene. So, the screening of <i>GJC2</i> in patients with HSP or HSP-like phenotypes especially with hypomyelination in their brain MRI is recommended. Also, for the first time, intrafamilial phenotypic heterogeneity for “two distinct <i>GJC2</i>-related phenotypes: HLD2 and HSP” was reported. Such intrafamilial phenotypic heterogeneity for <i>GJC2</i> can emphasize on the shared pathophysiology of these disorders.

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