The study of the hydration and water-retaining capacity of plant leaves is important for assessing the possibility of their cultivation and mass use in green construction in the arid conditions of Kazakhstan. This article examines the issues of hydration and water-retaining capacity of the leaves of the valuable ornamental culture Catalpa speciosa in the conditions of the cities of Karaganda and Zhezkazgan. The indicators of hydration and weight loss during drying for 1, 3 and 6 hours were studied by leaves of plants of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd years of vegetation from May to August. It was found that the leaves of Catalpa speciosa in the conditions of the city of Karaganda had higher indicators of hydration and water-holding capacity than in the city of Zhezkazgan. The maximum values of moisture loss during drying were noted for plants of the 1st year of vegetation, the minimum values for individuals of the 3rd year. By the months of the vegetative season, the leaves lose free water as much as possible in the conditions of Karaganda in June, for Zhezkazgan in June and July; minimal moisture losses were noted for both cities — in August. Thus, critical points of water exchange intensity were identified in June and July, which require intensification of irrigation in these months. More active watering must be organized for plants in the 1st year of development. In general, good indicators of the water-holding capacity of Catalpa speciosa leaves have been established, which indicates the possibility of active use of this crop in the green construction of arid territories of Central Kazakhstan.

The article presents the results of an experiment on the cultivation of three varieties of Sudanese grass in the conditions of Karaganda city. Sudanese grass is a heat-loving valuable food crop with high drought resistance. It is cultivated to produce green feed, hay, silage. It is a rich source of vitamins, proteins, minerals. The results of field experiments showed that cryopreservation of Sudanese grass seeds had a positive effect on the productivity of the aboveground mass. Excess in terms of yield indicators for the “Novosibirsk 84” variety is 38.85 c/ha for raw weight and 58.80 c/ha for dry weight; for the “Nika” variety — by 23.55 and 41.25 c/ha, respectively; for the “Tugai” variety — 8.55 and 8.55 c/ha, respectively. According to the fodder value analysis, all three varieties of Sudanese grass have good nutrition of aboveground organs. Varieties differ slightly in the accumulation of starch, sugar, raw protein, ash, carotene, calcium, and phosphorus. Preliminary data make it possible to distinguish the “Novosibirsk 84” variety with the maximum yield, and the “Tugai” variety with the maximum accumulation of elements of fodder value.