Trois antécédents culturaux, constitués par le soja, le niébé et le riz ont été mis en place, selon un dispositif en bloc de Fisher, en première année. A partir de la deuxième année, une jachère naturelle de 3 ans a été ajoutée aux trois premiers antécédents. Le riz (NERICA1) a été semé sur les quatre antécédents et 4 combinaisons de doses d'engrais NPK 12 24 18 et d'urée composées du quart, de la moitié, des trois quarts de la dose complète vulgarisée et la dose complète vulgarisée (NPK : 200 kg/ha et Urée : 100 kg/ha) et leur témoin sans engrais ont été appliqués. Ainsi, un dispositif en Split plot a été installé, avec, comme facteur principal, l'antécédent cultural et comme facteur secondaire, la fertilisation minérale. En première année, les cultures du soja, du niébé et du riz, avec une production de biomasse aérienne sèche de 410 g/m 2 pour le soja, 209,38 g/m 2 pour le niébé et 210,08 g/m 2 pour le riz, ont entraîné une augmentation des densités apparentes moyennes des sols de 1,58 à 1,67 g/cm 3. En deuxième année, la décomposition de ces résidus de récolte, a entraîné une amélioration des densités apparentes moyennes de 1,67 à 1,61 g/cm 3 et des teneurs en eau moyennes des sols du tallage (56,10 mm) au remplissage des grains de riz (75,83 mm) qui ont favorisé l'assimilation des engrais minéraux. Ainsi, la jachère naturelle de 3 ans qui n'a pas eu de précédent cultivé, n'a pas été influencée par les différentes doses d'engrais au niveau du rendement avec une moyenne de 2637,48 kg/ha de riz paddy. Par contre, la dose complète d'engrais (200 kg/ha de NPK 12 24 18 + 100 kg/ha d'urée) a généré son meilleur rendement en riz paddy (2333,3 kg/ha) sur l'antécédent riz, la demi-dose d'engrais sur l'antécédent soja (2500 kg/ha) et les trois quarts de la dose d'engrais sur l'antécédent niébé (3000,8 kg/ha). Les cultures des légumineuses étudiées, tout en diminuant la densité apparente des sols, ont donc entraîné une réduction des besoins d'engrais minéraux en riziculture pluviale.
A study on mineral fertilization of soils was carried out for two years in three cocoa farms in the Nawa region of south-western Côte d’Ivoire. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mineral fertilizers on soil macrofauna. The experimental design was Fisher block with four treatment with three repetitions. The treatments were control without fertilizer (T0), NPK 0-23-19 fertilizer (T1), NPK 0-15-15 + 17 CaO + 5 MgO + 1 B2O3 + 0.5 Zn (T2) and NPK 4-10-10 + 19 CaO + 4 MgO + 0.8 B2O3 + 0.3 Zn (T3). Twelve soil monoliths were made per treatment and per site, to count the macrofauna of the soil. Each soil monolith was subdivided into three strata 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm. The organisms were counted and classified into functional groups. The abundance, species richness and diversity indices of Shannon-weaver and Piélou were determined. The analysis of variance of the numbers of individuals in the macrofauna did not show a significant difference between the treatments on different strata of the monoliths during the second year of the trial. However, during the first year, all the treatments with fertilizer in the 0-10 cm stratum had a more abundant macrofauna than that of the control without fertilizer at Soubré and Mayo. Multivariate analyses (AFC) showed links between functional groups of organisms and treatments. Myriapods and earthworms were linked to the T2 and T3 treatments, microarthropods to T1 and other organisms to T0. As for macrofauna diversity, the highest value of species richness (7 species), Shannon-weaver (2) and Piélou (1) indices were found in the fertilized treatments. Mineral fertilizers thus presented better conditions for the expansion of macrofauna. A reasoned application of mineral fertilizers creates a favourable living environment for certain soil organisms.
Aims: Cocoa swollen shoot is a dreaded viral disease that is prevalent in the producing areas of West Africa. In Côte d'Ivoire, it undermines the sustainability of cocoa farming. Integrated pest management based on the use of disease-resistant or disease-tolerant plant material remains a sustainable solution. Place and Duration of Study: Integrated Pest Management Unit against Cocoa swollen shoot, Experimental greenhouse of Bouaflé, National Centre for Agronomic Research (CNRA). Methodology: Forty elite genotypes of cocoa trees selected from different populations in the Reciprocal Recurrent Selection program of Cocoa in Côte d'Ivoire were evaluated against strain D of Cacao Swollen Shoot Virus (CSSV). Five seedlings of each genotype were infected by patch grafting and observed for 5 months. Study Design: Plants are placed in a greenhouse in a completely random arrangement, with five repetitions. Results: Three cocoa genotypes (C77, C87 and C96) were free of disease symptoms and eight genotypes (C77, C87, C96, C3, C12, C26, C53 and C98) had the lowest infection scores. The disease significantly affected plant development and growth. Conclusion: Some genotypes selected within the Reciprocal Recurrent Selection program are promising for breeding against CSSV disease. These eight genotypes will be tested in a field environment to confirm their tolerance.
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