Hemoglobin memiliki peran penting untuk protein darah vital [1]. Hemoglobin merupakan pigmen yang membuat warna merah pada sel darah. Menurut fungsinya, Hemoglobin digunakan sebagai media transport oksigen dari paru-paru ke jaringan tubuh. Oksigen adalah suatu bagian terpenting dari metabolisme tubuh untuk menghasilkan energi. Hemoglobin juga mempunyai fungsi membawa Karbondioksida hasil metabolisme dari jaringan tubuh ke paru paru untuk selanjutnya dikeluarkan saat bernafas [2].Penyakit yang berhubungan dengan kadar hemoglobin dalam darah yaitu anemia. Anemia adalah masalah kesehatan masyarakat di negara berkembang. Prevalensi anemia tinggi dalam 1 sampai 5 tahun anak dalam perkembangan [3]. Sebagian besar anemia di Indonesia disebabkan oleh kekurangan zat besi. Kelompok masyarakat yang rawan terkena anemia adalah anak-anak, remaja, ibu hamil dan menyusui serta pekerja berpenghasilan [4]. Anemia adalah penyakit kurang darah yang sebagian besar disebabkan oleh konsumsi makan yang dimakan kurang mengandung besi.Pengukuran nilai Hb biasanya dilakukan secara invasive yaitu dengan mengambil sampel darah, sampel darah yang telah diambil melihat intensitas warna dari sampel yang telah diberi reagen. Pengukuran intensitas warna dilakukan dengan metode sahli (metode manual), maupun dengan metode Sianmethemoglobin (dengan spektrofotometer) [5].Namun, cara tersebut kurang efesien dikarenakan menyebabkan rasa sakit pada pasien dikarenakan pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan dengan cara melukai salah satu jari pasien, dan prosesnya sedikit lebih lama dikarenakan hasil dari pengukuran Hb dicatat, dikumpulkan, direkapitulasi di komputer.Supriatna Adhisuwignjo dari Politeknik Negeri Malang meneliti tentang pemanfaatan sensor cahaya sebagai alat untuk mengukur kadar hemoglobin dalam darah. Sistem pengukuran menggunakan sensor LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), berdasarkan perbedaan kepekatan warna darah manusia. Menggunakan AT89S51 untuk memproses data dan menggunakan Liquid Crystal

Latar belakang: Sungai Kali Mas berbatasan langsung dengan pemukiman yang dapat berpotensi menyediakan berbagai sumber mikroplastik yang bersumber dari limbah cucian, produk perawatan pribadi dan sampah domestik.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk identifikasi karakteristik fisik mikroplastik di Sungai Kalimas.Metode: Penentuan lokasi sampling dengan metode purposve Sampling. Sampel diambil di 3 (tiga) titik lokasi yaitu pada hulu, tengan dan hilir sungai. Sampel diambil pada pagi, siang dan sore hari pada setiap lokasi sampling. Total keseluruhan sampel berjumlah 9 sampel. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan  dengan alat plankton net selama satu jam pada masing-masing lokasi. Identifikasi karakteristik (bentuk, warna dan ukuran) mikroplastik dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroskop stereo mengacu pada analisis laboratorium NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).Hasil: Konsentrasi mikroplastik di lokasi hulu, tengah dan hilir masing-masing sebesar 0,049 item/m3, 0.053 item/m3 dan 0.095 item/m3. Bentuk mikroplastik terdiri dari fiber 82%, Fragmen 6% dan filamen 12%. Rata-rata ukuran mikroplastik SMP 65% dan LMP 35% dan rata-rata warna mikroplastik transparan 34%, biru 29%, hitam 20%, kuning 2% dan merah 14%.Simpulan:Karakteristik mikroplastik didominasi oleh bentuk fiber 82%, warna transparan 34% dan ukuran SMP 65%. Sehingga, diperlukan IPAL komunal di daerah sekitar sungai Kalimas untuk menghindari sumber mikroplastik berbentuk fiber yang berasal dari kegiatan penduduk. ABSTRACT Title : Identification of Physical Characteristics of Microplastics in Kalimas River, Surabaya, East JavaBackground:kalimas river is directly located next to a residential area that can potentially provide various microplastic sources from laundry activities,  personal care products, and domestic waste. Thus,this study aimed to identify the physical characteristics of microplastics in the Kalimas River.Method: Determination of the sampling location by purposive sampling method. Samples were taken at 3 (three) location points, namely upstream, middle and downstream of the rive. Sampling was taken in the morning, afternoon and evening at each sampling location. The total number of samples are 9 samples. Sampling was carried out using a plankton net for one hour at each location. Identification characteristics of microplastics (shape, color and size) was carried out using a stereo microscope referring to the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) laboratorium laboratory analysis.Result:The concentration of microplastics in the upstream, middle and downstream locations were 0.049 items/m3, 0.053 items/m3 and 0.095 items/m3 respectively. The microplastic shapes comprised fiber 82%, fragment 6% dan filamen 12%. The average of microplastic size were 65% for SMP and 35% for LMP and average of microplastic color were transparan 34%, blue 29%, black 20%, yellow 2% and red 14%.Conclusion: characteristic microplastic in the water were dominated by fiber shaped 82%, transparent coloured 34% and size SMP 65%.  Thus, a communal WWTP is needed in the area around the Kalimas river to avoid sources of fiber microplastic originating from resident activities.

This study aims to interpret and analyze the meaning of the series of Nyepi celebration ceremonies following the concept of Tri Hita Karana teachings, describe what rituals and customs are performed by Balinese-Hindu society in Surabaya in celebrating Nyepi day, and analyze the influence of the pandemic on sustainability. Hindu-Balinese religious celebrations in Surabaya. This study uses a qualitative method by conducting open interviews with Balinese Hindu society who live in Surabaya. From the 15 informants collected, the researcher formulated five informants as the main data of the study. The study results indicate that Hinduism is a religion that is still a minority in the city of Surabaya. Hence, the Hindu society that migrates to Surabaya needs to make cultural adaptations, especially in celebrating Nyepi. The whole series of Nyepi carried out by the Balinese Hindu society in Surabaya is related to the implementation of the values of Tri Hita Karana. Since the pandemic, several celebration events had to be canceled, or their capacity was limited to break the spread of the coronavirus. The limitation of this study is the difficulty of finding suitable informants for the research sample because the Hindu community in Surabaya is still a minority. Hence, it takes a long time to compile this research.

This study examines the efforts of PAI teachers in improving student religiosity. This study aims to determine the efforts of PAI teachers in improving student religiosity, supporting and inhibiting factors and giving solutions to overcome the inhibiting factors of PAI teachers in improving student religiosity. This study uses a qualitative research method through descriptive analysis. The results of the study could be concluded that there are some efforts made by PAI teachers in improving student religiosity including: providing guidance to all students to always worship and have morality, helping students with less religious knowledge, providing good examples for students, motivating students to actively perform worship and evaluate every activity. From the efforts made by PAI teachers, students coud be more diligent in conducting worship and having morality in accordance with the teachings of Islam. Supporting factors for teachers are internal factors, namely the teachers themselves; and external factors namely the existence of professional and qualified teachers who carry out their obligations properly, the existence of infrastructure supporting religious activities and the support from other teachers and all existing staff at school. Inhibiting factors for teachers include different student backgrounds and the environment or relationships that can affect students. The solution is to work with other teachers and students' parents so that they could supervise them.