The low-temperature specific heat and electrical resistivity of the polycrystalline non-stoichiometric manganites La 0.95−x Sr x MnO 3 have been investigated in the doping region x = 0.00-0.30. The specific heat has terms proportional to T and T 3 . The resistivity of the samples decreases as T 1/2 with increasing temperature, goes through a minimum and then increases proportionally to T 3 . The temperature T min , corresponding to the minimum of the resistivity, shifts with Sr content as T min ∼ x −2/5 .

In breast cancer, bcl-2 protein is associated with a prognostically favourable phenotype and appears to be related to hormonal regulation, rather than to disabled p53 gene function.

Willits of the U.C. Davis Statistical Laboratory for his assistance. Jeremy Johnson and James Tabibian provided valuable technical assistance with the experiments.

Many different skills make up inquiry-based learning for children, and children need many opportunities to develop and use these skills as they progress through the Kindergarten years. Inquiry skills should not be taught in isolation, but integrated into interesting topics and ideas. Children need many opportunities to generate and discuss ideas, make plans, brainstorm solutions to problems, reflect and give reasons for their choices. The aim of the research conducted at kindergartens in Volos, is to explore preschool age children's responses, thoughts, ideas and feelings through pictures of art. Our study involved asking children to study paintings and create opportunities for them to express their ideas through a wide range of types of representation. Creative expression influences children's growing competence as creative problem solvers.

Potentially transplantable kidneys experience warm ischemia, and this injury is difficult to quantify. We investigate optical spectroscopic methods for evaluating, in real time, warm ischemic kidney injury and reperfusion. Vascular pedicles of rat kidneys are clamped unilaterally for 18 or 85 min, followed by 18 or 35 min of reperfusion, respectively. Contralateral, uninjured kidneys serve as controls. Autofluorescence and cross-polarized light scattering images are acquired every 15 s using 335-nm laser excitation (autofluorescence) and 650+/-20-nm linearly polarized illumination (light scattering). We analyze changes of injured-to-normal kidney autofluorescence intensity ratios during ischemia and reperfusion phases. The effect of excitation with 260 nm is also explored. Average injured-to-normal intensity ratios under 335-nm excitation decrease from 1.0 to 0.78 at 18 min of ischemia, with a return to baseline during 18 min of reperfusion. However, during 85 min of warm ischemia, average intensity ratios level off at 0.65 after 50 min, with no significant change during 35 min of reperfusion. 260-nm excitation results in no autofluorescence changes with ischemia. Cross-polarized light scattering images at 650 nm suggest that changes in hemoglobin absorption are not related to observed temporal behavior of the autofluorescence signal. Real-time detection of kidney tissue changes associated with warm ischemia and reperfusion using laser spectroscopy is feasible. Normalizing autofluorescence changes under 335 nm using the autofluorescence measured under 260-nm excitation may eliminate the need for a control kidney.