This randomized multicenter study demonstrated that CF data availability was associated with reduced acute PV reconnection but not improved 1-year success rates, procedural and fluoroscopy times, or complication rates. There was a reduction in extremes of CF, above and below the study target range, suggesting greater CF control during ablation.

Pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal AF is faster with CRYO and results in a higher single procedure success rate than conventional point by point RFCA. The COMBINED approach was not superior to CRYO alone.

A combination of RRN and CFS is associated with improved success rates at 1 year and fluoroscopy times for persistent AF ablation, compared with Manual ablation and non-CFS RRN ablation.