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Nowadays, the mechanical advantage is strongly emphasized in a mechanical system. Therefore, the most modern gearboxes are used to increase the torque without also increasing their output speed while reducing it. In this study, Selective Leverage System (SLS) gear train is generated in Solidworks 2016 and together with dynamic motion study and static simulation analysis. Dynamic motion analysis is performed to provide output speed of SLS gear train. It can be concluded that the gear system runs with unchanged speed (RPM) for input and output which is approximately the same with theoretical value in Selective Leverage System patent. The maximum output torque is evaluated by using theoretical calculation. At every 90° rotation, maximum value of output torque is produced. The results are validated and compared to the analytical value of patent. For static simulation analysis, the stress distribution of T-shaped lever of Selective Leverage System gear train is identified by using composite material compared to the existing gear materials. The static simulation analysis between Aluminium Alloy, S45C Steel, Malleable Cast Iron and Glass Filled Polyamide are compared and composite materials are capable to be used as a material of gear train components instead of current material, S45C Steel for better result.

This study is about the design improvement of an automatic fish feeding machine. The most recent machine has been selected as the point of reference for this research. Realizing the limitation of existing automatic fish feeding machine has inspired the researcher to develop a system which overcomes previous systems’ flaws, hence giving more advantages and benefits to the owner and workers. This research has three main goals: To design and fabricate automatic fish feeding machine; to ensure an accurate amount of fish pellet to be dispersed at a predetermined time, 360° and at specified distance; and to generate electricity by using the solar panel as the power source to make it suitable for outdoor environment of fish farming. We developed a prototype to measure the ability of the new automatic machine concept. These include design improvement, storage capacity, ability and time for a pellet to dispense and the distance of food dispersed. The findings from the research showed that the use of vibration concept and gravity to channel down the fish pellet into the distribution channel has made this new design simpler. Also, the centrifugal force concept to disperse the pellet 360° is a major improvement from the previous design. Three projection angles of 0°, 15° and 30° were studied. Although the current study is based on a small sample, the findings suggest that the projection angle at 15° is the best for the current machine. We conclude that the new fish feeding machine has exceeded the performance of the previous machine in terms of functionality and design. However, with a small sample size, caution must be applied, as the finding might not be transferable to a large-scale fish farm environment. Several possible future studies using the same experiment set up are apparent.

The controller of a system can be designed by constructing the model from the known the input and output. Modelling the dynamic of the system can help to visualize the real behavior of the system to develop the suitable controller parameter. The measured data from the real system need to be analyzed statistically to support that the current system needs a controller to improve the system performance. This study analyzed the normality and linearity of the variables in the research data of Toothbrushing Simulator System Modelling which are Speed (RPM) as the output(Y) and Voltage (V) as the input (X). There were five different data sets with 1000 observations respectively. All the data had been analyzed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 23 in which it will be explained by graphical method of histogram, scatter plot and descriptive measures of coefficient f determination between variables. The results for this study turn out that all the data sets were not normally distributed and not linear. Hence, the result from this statistical analysis has proven that the controller development is very crucial for the toothbrushing simulator system to improvise the system performance.

<span lang="EN-GB">Communication is very important for people including adults and babies to exchange their thoughts, views and information. They can express their thoughts verbally and non-verbally. Baby sign language is non-verbal type that consists of a set of standard and organised form of hand gestures motion to represent different word. This language allows the children who have hearing impairment problem to communicate with others. In addition, it can also be taught to normal babies to convey their need before they have the ability to speak. It is very challenging for adults to understand babies and children with hearing impaired problem. Thus, a real-time hand gesture recognition system has been developed for adult to interactively learn the baby sign language. Firstly, the face region was detected in order to use the skin colour model of the face to detect the hand. After that, the hand shape was determined by finding the palm centre and convex hull. Convexity defects which representing gaps between the fingers were used to determine the number of fingertips whereas the movement of the hand was detected based on motion analysis. By setting the background colour to blue and adding extra light in front of the laptop, the system successfully obtained an accuracy higher than 85% rate for sign “mom”, “eat” and “milk” when tested on Malay, Chinese and Indian races in Malaysia.</span>