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This paper surveys changes in the U.S. National Airway System since the 1960s.The most appropriate measures f o r summarizing air trafic distributions at airports are investigated, with the Gini lndex of Concentration being used extensively to analyze U.S. airport trafic patterns over a twenty-four-year period. The properties of the Gini index and other measures are compared and discussed in detail in the context of analyzing air trafic distributions. I t is shown how concentration in the trafic patterns at the larger airports was at a high level prior to deregulation, but since 1978, the patterns have gradually become even more concentrated.The purpose of this paper is to survey the changes that have been taking place in the U.S. National Airway System since the 1960s. Specifically, the aims are (1) to describe the changes taking place in the national system and assess the performance and traffic characteristics at different categories of airports over a twenty-four-year period, and (2) to investigate the most appropriate measures for summarizing air traffic distributions at airports. In the first section, several key policy issues relating to investment in the airway system are presented and evolving traffic patterns over the last three decades are considered. Subsequent sections view the distribution of traffic in more discriminating detail. In this regard, the various concentration measures commonly used in economics and regional science are compared. The Gini index of concentration is used extensively to analyze U.S. traffic patterns and justification for its use is provided.

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