No abstract

Breast cancer is a complex disease characterized by the accumulation of multiple molecular alterations giving each tumor phenotype and an own evolutionary potential. This study aimed to describe the distribution of the profile and molecular subtypes of breast cancers followed at Surgical Oncology Unit of Donka National Hospital. This was retrospective and descriptive study on cases of breast cancer in which the hormone receptor status and expression of the Her2 oncogene have been performed from 2007 to 2016. We recorded 58 cases including 56 (96.6%) women and 2 (3.4%) men. The average age was 48.2 ± 10.9. Invasive ductal carcinoma accounted for 50 (86.2%) cases. The SBR grade was II in 31(53.4%) cases, III in 21 (36.2%) cases and I in 6 (10.3%) cases. The tumor was classified as T4 in 36 (62.1%) cases; it was metastatic in 11(19.0%) cases. Estrogen receptors were positive in 29 (50.0%) cases, progesterone receptors positive in 25 (43.1%) cases, the Her2 oncogene was positive in 22 (39.3%) cases. The distribution of molecular sub-types was: 20 (34.5%) luminal A, 15 (25.9%) triple negative, 13 (22.4%) Her2 overexpressed, 8 (13.8%) luminal B and 2 (3.2%) undetermined. This preliminary study showed the poor accessibility of immunohistochemistry for the molecular diagnosis of breast cancer in our country. Luminal A subtypes and triple negatives were more common. The determination of molecular subtypes is a rational basis for hormone therapy and targeted therapy, thus personalizing the treatment of breast cancer.

The results suggest that intravenous triple antibiotic therapy alone is an efficacious first-line treatment in children developing intra-abdominal abscesses following appendectomy. Surgical intervention is rarely necessary except in patients with an alarming patient status or with signs of septic shock.

Over the past decades, cancer has become one of the toughest challenges for health professionals. The epidemiologists are increasingly directing their research efforts on various malignant tumor worldwide. Of note, incidence of cancers is on the rise more quickly in developed countries. Indeed, great endeavors have to be made in the control of the life-threatening disease. As we know it, pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant disease with the worst prognosis. While little is known about the etiology of the PC and measures to prevent the condition, so far, a number of risk factors have been identified. Genetic factors, pre-malignant lesions, predisposing diseases and exogenous factors have been found to be linked to PC. Genetic susceptibility was observed in 10% of PC cases, including inherited PC syndromes and familial PC. However, in the remaining 90%, their PC might be caused by genetic factors in combination with environmental factors. Nonetheless, the exact mechanism of the two kinds of factors, endogenous and exogenous, working together to cause PC remains poorly understood. The fact that most pancreatic neoplasms are diagnosed at an incurable stage of the disease highlights the need to identify risk factors and to understand their contribution to carcinogenesis. This article reviews the high risk factors contributing to the development of PC, to provide information for clinicians and epidemiologists.

Introduction: pelvic abdominal surgery may be associated with urological complications requiring reoperation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urological surgical complications of gynecological and obstetric procedures conducted at the Ignace Deen University Hospital of Conakry in Guinea. Methodology: This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study of ten years, from 1 January 2006 to 21 December 2015. Results: Of 14,500 patients hospitalized in the maternity ward during the study period, 31 patients had secondary urological complications during gynecological or obstetric intervention 0.2%). The mean age of the patients was 34.77 years (range: 17 to 58 years). The mean duration of hospital stay was 13.29 days (range: 3 to 28 days). Signs of complication were mainly postoperative abdominal pain (64%, n = 20), vaginal urine leakage (19.35%, n = 6) and vaginal bleeding (9.68% n = 3). The diagnosis was mainly confirmed by ultrasound (70.45%, n = 31). The lesions were primarily ureteric (77.42%, n = 17) or on the urethral wounds (8.12%, n = 12). Urological complications mostly occurred during hysterectomy (41.94%, n = 13) and caesarean section (32.26%, n = 10). Repair procedures included uretero-vesical reimplantation (58.06%, n = 18), vesico-vaginal fistuloraphy (22.58%, n = 7), vesico-uterine fistuloraphy (12.90%, n = 4) and temporary ureterostomy (6.45%, n = 2). Treatment were successful in 28 patients (90.32%) and a lethality of 9.68% (n = 3) was recorded. Conclusion: Urological surgical complications of obstetric gynecological surgeries were