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With a diverse host range, Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode) is listed as one of the most economically important obligate parasites of agriculture. This nematode species establishes permanent feeding sites in plant root systems soon after infestation. A compatible host-nematode interaction triggers a cascade of morphological and physiological process disruptions of the host, leading to pathogenesis. Such disruption is reflected by altered gene expression in affected cells, detectable using molecular approaches. We employed a high-throughput proteomics approach to elucidate the events involved in a compatible banana- M. incognita interaction. This study serves as the first crucial step in developing natural banana resistance for the purpose of biological-based nematode management programme. We successfully profiled 114 Grand naine root proteins involved in the interaction with M. incognita at the 30th- and 60th- day after inoculation (dai). The abundance of proteins involved in fundamental biological processes, cellular component organisation and stress responses were significantly altered in inoculated root samples. In addition, the abundance of proteins in pathways associated with defence and giant cell maintenance in plants such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, glycolysis and citrate cycle were also implicated by the infestation.

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Background: Since more researches leaned towards a holistic approach of "omics" to understand PPI, interactomics studies pivoting on AP-MS approach are getting popular amongst plant scientists.However, to date, AP-MS approach has yet to be adopted to study plant-pathogen interaction even in model plants, hence, the needs to design and develop an optimised transformation procedure for successful isolation of pathogen-targeted plant proteins.Methods: Banana plants were grown in soil or hydroponic media for 2-3 months before subjected to transformation procedure. As a bait, m16D10 , a mature parasitism gene isolated from Meloidogyne incognita was transiently expressed in banana root tissues cv. Grand naine (ITC1256) to prey for protein interactions to uncover mechanisms of host cell rewiring. Current opinion in microbiology 2017, 39:7-15. 21.Olson MG, Ouellette SP, Rucks EA: A meta-analysis of affinity purification-mass spectrometry experimental systems used to identify eukaryotic and chlamydial proteins at the Chlamydia trachomatis inclusion membrane. Efficient transient protein expression in tomato cultivarsand wild species using agroinfiltration-mediated high expression system. Plant cell reports 2019, 38(1):75-84. 30. Khanna HK, Raina SK: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of indica rice cultivars using binary and superbinary vectors. Functional Plant Biology 1999, 26(4):311-324. 31. Rodríguez M, Ramírez NI, Ayala M, Freyre F, Pérez L, Triguero A, Mateo C, Selman-Housein G, Gavilondo JV, Pujol M: Transient expression in tobacco leaves of an aglycosylated recombinant antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor. Biotechnology and bioengineering 2005, 89(2):188-194. 32. Tsuda K, Qi Y, Nguyen LV, Bethke G, Tsuda Y, Glazebrook J, Katagiri F: An efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation of Arabidopsis. The Plant Journal 2012, 69(4):713-719. 33. Zhang X, Henriques R, Lin S-S, Niu Q-W, Chua N-H: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana using the floral dip method. Nature protocols 2006, 1(2):641. 34. Lee MW, Yang Y: Transient expression assay by agroinfiltration of leaves. In: Arabidopsis Protocols. Springer; 2006: 225-229. 35. Zhang Y, Natale R, Domingues AP, Toleco MR, Siemiatkowska B, Fàbregas N, Fernie AR: Rapid Identification of Protein-Protein Interactions in Plants. Current protocols in plant biology 2019, 4(4):e20099. 36. Wang W, Vignani R, Scali M, Cresti M: A universal and rapid protocol for protein extraction from recalcitrant plant tissues for proteomic analysis. 24 Electrophoresis 2006, 27(13):2782-2786. 37. Ke J, Khan R, Johnson T, Somers D, Das A: High-efficiency gene transfer to recalcitrant plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Plant Cell Reports 2001, 20(2):150-156. 38. Clement WKF, Lai KS, Wong MY, Maziah M: Heat and hydrolytic enzymes treatment improved the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of recalcitrant indica rice (Oryza sativa L.). Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) 2016, 125(1):183-190. 39. Huang G, Dong R, Allen R, Davis EL, Baum T...

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