The Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia issued policies related to the implementation of education in the new normal era learning systems through online learning by utilizing various technologies. Without face-to-face learning, high school students have difficulty in understanding molecular shape geometry material so that it affects students' ability to develop spatial-visual precepts. As a solution to these problems, there needs to be the development of virtual reality learning videos that match the geometry of molecular shapes in real-time. This study aims to find out the validity of The Virtual Reality-Based Molecular Shape Geometry Tutorial Video As a Solution To Improve the Spatial Visual Ability of High School Students in the New Normal Era. Validity is tested through content quality and purpose, instructional quality, and technical quality. The development was carried out using the R&D method with The Thiagarajan 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate which is limited to the Develop Stage The results were obtained from Virtual Reality Chemistry (VR CHEM) media are very valid on each criterion assessed. The details of the results obtained are content validation of 91.9% and construction validation of 89%.

This study aims to analyze the practicality, feasibility, and effectiveness of learning media as an augmented reality-based practicum guide application for students' conceptual understanding of voltaic cells. The application development used the Thiagarajan development method with the 4-D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), but it was sufficiently developed to be 3-D. A limited trial with seventeen Al-Falah Senior High School students was conducted in August 2021 on students who had been given voltaic cell material. Pretest-posttest sheets, validation-review sheets, and student response questionnaires were used as research instruments. The data analysis technique used quantitative description. Pretest and posttest results were analyzed based on normality, paired sample test, and N-gain. The results of this study indicated that the developed application could improve students' understanding of concepts. The application validation results obtained a content validation score of 94%, a construct validation score of 86%, a presentation-related validation score of 96%, and a language-related validation score of 90%, indicating that it was very valid. The application was practical because the average percentage of responses was 92%. Based on the t-test with a significance value of 5% that yielded the Sig value, the application was reported to be very effective. 0.00 0.05 (2-tailed) and an N-gain analysis score of 0.83 > 0.7.