The eastern Himalayan and Indo‐Burman plate boundary systems are distinct from the rest of the India‐Eurasia continental collision, due to oblique convergence across two orthogonal plate boundaries resulting in a zone of distributed deformation both within and away from the plate boundary. To understand the seismotectonics of this region, we model the source mechanism of 44 earthquakes using waveform inversion and combine them with source mechanism of 30 previously studied earthquakes. Depth distribution of these earthquakes reveal that the entire crust beneath northeast India is seismogenic. From spatial distribution and source mechanism it is evident that the N20°E convergence between India and Tibet is accommodated by N‐S convergence and E‐W subduction. The N‐S convergence is accommodated through (a) shallow thrust earthquakes within the eastern Himalayan wedge, (b) lower crustal thrust earthquakes along the northern edge of Shillong Plateau, (c) lower crustal dextral strike‐slip earthquakes in the Kopili fault zone, and (d) sinistral strike‐slip earthquakes within the Bengal Basin crust. The E‐W subduction results in shallow thrust earthquakes to intermediate depth strike‐slip earthquakes and deep focus thrust earthquakes underneath the Indo‐Burman convergence zone. Orientation of the fault plane and slip vectors point to downdip extension and along arc compression of the subducted Indian plate in response to slab pull forces and buckling at depth. Earthquake slip vectors are in good agreement with the GPS velocity vectors across northeast India and conforms to the clockwise rotating “microplates” model.

LitMod2D integrates geophysical and petrological data sets to produce the thermal, density, and seismic velocity structure of the lithosphere and upper mantle. We present a new LitMod2D_2.0 package with improvements focused on (i) updated anelastic attenuation correction for anharmonic seismic velocities, (ii) chemical composition in the sublithospheric mantle, and (iii) incorporation of sublithospheric mantle anomalies. Sublithospheric mantle anomalies can be defined with different chemical composition, temperature, seismic velocities, and a combination of them, allowing the application of LitMod2D_2.0 to regions affected by mantle upwelling, subduction, delamination, and metasomatism. We demonstrate the potential application of LitMod2D_2.0 to such regions and the sensitivity of thermal and compositional anomalies on density and seismic velocities through synthetic models. Results show nonlinearity between the sign of thermal and seismic velocity anomalies, and that S wave velocities are more sensitive to temperature whereas P wave velocities are to composition. In a synthetic example of subduction, we show the sensitivity of sublithospheric mantle anomalies associated with the slab and the corner flow on surface observables (elevation, geoid height, and gravity anomalies). A new open‐source graphic user interface is incorporated in the new package. The output of the code is simplified by writing only the relevant physical parameters (temperature, pressure, material type, density, and seismic velocities) to allow the user using predefined post‐processing codes from a toolbox (flexure, mineral assemblages, synthetic passive seismological data, and tomography) or designing new ones. We demonstrate a post‐processing example calculating synthetic seismic tomography, Rayleigh surface‐wave dispersion curves, and P wave receiver functions from the output file of LitMod2D_2.0.

The modes in which the lithosphere deforms during continental collision and the mechanisms involved are not well understood. While continental subduction and mantle delamination are often invoked in tectonophysical studies, these processes are difficult to be confirmed in more complex tectonic regions such as the Gibraltar Arc. We study the present‐day density and compositional structure of the lithosphere along a transect running from South Iberia to North Africa crossing the western Gibraltar Arc. This region is located in the westernmost continental segment of the African‐Eurasian plates, characterized by a diffuse transpressive plate boundary. An integrated and self‐consistent geophysical‐petrological methodology is used to model the lithosphere structure variations and the thermophysical properties of the upper mantle. The crustal structure is mainly constrained by seismic experiments and geological data, whereas the composition of the lithospheric mantle is constrained by xenolith data. The results show large lateral variations in the topography of the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary. We distinguish different chemical lithospheric mantle domains that reproduce the main trends of the geophysical observables and the modeled P and S wave seismic velocities. A sublithospheric body colder than the surrounding mantle is needed beneath the Betics‐Rif to adjust the measured potential fields. We link this body to the Iberian slab localized just to the east of the profile and having some effect on the geoid and Bouguer anomalies. Local isostasy allows explaining most of the topography, but an elastic thickness higher than 10 km is needed to explain local misfits between the Atlas and the Rif Mountains.