Background: Dengue fever has become a major public health concern in our country, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Because there is no definite drug or commercially available vaccine for dengue, prevention is the only option. As a result, early reporting of dengue cases is required in order to implement preventive measures before the disease spreads to epidemic proportions. Therefore, healthcare providers should notify every dengue incident to local authorities in the current format, including the District Health Officer or Chief Medical Officer of district concerned and the Municipal Health Officer of municipality concerned every week (daily during the transmission period). Materials and Methods:The data on dengue (2015-2021 till Oct.) was available at the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, and has been used in this paper. Results and discussion:During the last two decades (2000-2009 and 2010-2019), significant geographical spread of the dengue has been experienced in India with the repeated outbreaks, and an 11 fold increase in number of cases. Despite an increase in the incidence of dengue fever, the case fatality rate in India has decreased from 3.3% in 1996 to 0.4% in 2010 to 0.1% in 2019. Early diagnosis and timely referral play a critical role in bringing down Case Fatality Rate (CFR). Conclusion:Dengue is a manifestation arising from the process of increasing vector density and adaptation to human habitation, as well as human lifestyle transformation, unplanned developmental activities exacerbated by climate change.

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Background: Fast-food is food that is prepared and served quickly at outlets called fast-food outlets. It is high in calories and lacks micronutrients. It has been proved that its intake leads to many diseases and disorders like obesity which is likely to cause cardiovascular diseases later on. Fast-food culture is a vigorously uprising trend among the youngsters and medical students are no exception to it. Objectives: 1). To determine the burden of Fast-food consumption among medical students. 2). To assess the pattern and associated factors for Fast-food consumption among study subjects. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among all the undergraduate medical students studying at UPUMS, Saifai, Etawah. A pre-designed pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding their socio-demographic profile, pattern of fast-food consumption, and various factors which promoted the consumption of Fast-food among students. The data thus collected were analyzed using SPSS software Version 25.0. Results: Out of 800 undergraduate students pursuing MBBS at UPUMS, Saifai, only 620 students could be contacted for data collection. 26 forms were rejected as the data was incompletely filled. Hence, data of 594 students were entered into excel sheet and analyzed. Conclusions: Out of 594 students, 524 (88.2%) students were aware of the fact that consuming fast-food leads to many diseases and disabilities, while 20 (3.3%) students did not know its adverse effect. Study shows that consumption behaviour of Fast-food does not depend on age or gender of the people, rather it highly depends on its taste and pocket money of the consumer.

Introduction: Maternal health is an important aspect of any countrys development in terms of equity and poverty reduction. The health of women before and during pregnancy, during childbirth, and after childbirth is referred to as Maternal Health. The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) is an important indicator of the quality of the countrys health-care system. India has made remarkable progress in reducing maternal mortality over the last two decades. Methods: Relevant articles were searched using both electronically and print sources. Electronically from search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar, as well as the WHO, CDC, and MoHFW websites. Print sources for the database included newspapers, the central library, and the departmental library of the Community Medicine, which included a variety of journals and standard textbooks. The following keywords were used in the literature search: maternal health, maternal death, maternal mortality and vaccination for pregnant women. Articles that did not contain these keywords were excluded from consideration. The search was not limited by publication year, and original articles, review articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were all considered. Recommendation:Early detection and timely management of High-Risk Pregnancy (HRP) are critical factors in reducing maternal mortality.

Background- Sleep is a very important physiological process for many restorative functions. For maintaining the body's circadian rhythm sleep is essential. Reduced sleep quality can lead to excessive daytime sleepiness result in impaired daytime function, increased health problem, reduced work performance and impaired quality of life. A cross-sectional study was Methodsconducted among 590 medical undergraduates pursuing medical course. Blood pressure and anthropometric measurements of participants were recorded while Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) study tool was used to assess the sleep quality of medical undergraduates. Out of Results590 medical students, males and females were 60.7% and 39.3% respectively. 51% study subjects had poor sleep quality (PSQI score 5) with the mean global PSQI score of 6.44±1.80. The proportion of poor sleep quality among hypertensive and overweight/ obese medical students were 60.6% and 54% respectively. A statistically signicant association of sleep quality was found with gender (p= 0.033) and hypertension (p=0.027). It was also observed that 164 (27.8%) of study subjects had a sleep latency of more than 30 minutes while 196 (33.2%) had sleep duration less than 6 hours. Sleep efciency of more than 85% was observed among 576 (97.6%) of the study subjects and 542 (91.9%) did not use any sleep medicine during the past 1 month Conclusion: A high prevalence of poor sleep quality was found among medical undergraduate students.