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<p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-IN">Clinical data management (CDM) is an indispensable part of clinical research. CDM activities lead to the collection of reliable, high-quality and statistically sound data generating from the clinical trials. Several studies suggest that such data helps in extreme reduction in time from drug development processes to the marketing stage. Several practices in CDM including CRF annotation, case report form (CRF) designing, data extraction, data entry, data validation, database designing, database locking, discrepancy management and medical coding are evaluated for quality checks at regular intervals during clinical trial. In recent times, the huge gap about improvements of the CDM standards for meeting the regulatory requirements remains to be filled. Fulfilling these requirements will help the clinical trial sector to stay ahead of the game. The current article accentuates the practices followed and activities involved in CDM. Therefore, it enables the reader an outline of management of data in the clinical research.</span></p>

Cellulase is one of the important groups of enzyme for many industrial applications. It is applied in various processes of food industries, paper and pulp industry, fabric industry, medicine and pharma industry, agriculture industries etc. Microorganisms are among the most potential source for large scale production of this enzyme. The current study is aimed to isolate microorganisms which are capable of producing cellulase and to determine its efficiency for production of cellulase with different raw materials. For this study, bacteria microorganisms were isolated on CMC containing media. Screening was done using congo red (0.1%) and NaCl (1%) solution. Among various isolated species, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was identified as the most potential strain and hence selected for further study, various raw materials which are rich in cellulose were used for cellulase production. These raw materials were sugarcane bagasse, paper pulp, molasses, orange peel, wheat bran, cassava waste, tea waste and agriculture waste. Cellulase activity was determined by using dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) method. Results of the study have shown that among all the raw materials, sugarcane bagasse, molasses and paper pulp were found as the most potential sources for enzyme production. DNSA have shown 0.97 IU/mL, 0.98IU/mL and 0.88 IU/mL of enzyme activity respectively for all the three raw materials. Results have also shown that agriculture waste alone is not found suitable for production of cellulase as it has shown only 0.32 IU/mL of enzyme activity. From the entire study, it was concluded that for large scale production of cellulase, sugarcane bagasse and molasses are the best sources using Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

This review focuses on the current trends in the use of doped metallic nanomaterials in forensic science for the development and detection of latent fingerprints (LFPs) on various surfaces which provide better fingerprint image quality. The advantages and important results of studies conducted on latent fingerprints detection with various doped metallic nanomaterials are critically discussed. We also glimpse on fluorescent nanoparticles that have succeeded in producing high-quality fingerprint images which lead to the extraction of all three levels of fingerprint features. A few metallic nanomaterials used for latent fingerprints detection did not produce high-quality fingerprint images failing extraction of all three levels of fingerprint features. To overcome this forensic problem more research is needed to improve the latent fingerprint detection abilities of doped metallic nanomaterials.

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