Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of conditions including central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol, hyperglycaemia, and hypertension with a prevalence rate of 20–25% of the world’s adult population. Metabolic syndrome is often characterized by insulin resistance, which some have suggested is a major supportive connection between physical inactivity and MS. Various studies suggest that moderately elevated iron and ferritin levels are associated with an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and are markers of insulin resistance. Increased body iron stores are associated with the development of glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and insulin resistance syndrome (IRS). This is a hospital-based cross-sectional observational study, which was conducted in the department of internal medicine of a tertiary care hospital in northern India. The study was conducted from 1 January 2019 to 30 June 2020 and included 100 patients and 100 controls. All subjects in the age group of 35–65 years were enrolled and investigated as per the study design. Metabolic syndrome patients were diagnosed according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel-III (NCEP ATP-III) with BMI >23 kg/m2. All baseline investigations were undertaken, including serum ferritin levels. Insulin resistance (IR) was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment IR (HOMA-IR) formula. We found a positive association between an increase in serum ferritin with the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its clinical parameter. The serum ferritin level was positively correlated with the level of insulin resistance and inversely correlated with the insulin level of the patients.

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BACKGROUND - CAP is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, so early prediction of severity and outcome is required for further management of CAP patients. OBJECTIVES - To assess the severity of CAP by using CURB-65 scoring system and status of hypoxemia in the patients who presented in emergency and outpatient department and gender specic outcome in the patients who are admitted in inpatient department. METHODOLOGY - A prospective, observational study which included all adults attending the EMD, OPD and admitted in IPD fullling the inclusion criteria. RESULTS - Out of 47 males and 23 female (total 70) patients admitted through EMD or OPD, 56 patient (80%) had low CURB score, 63 patients (90%) had hypoxemia, 53 patients (75%) presented with age of more than 65 years, 50% (7 out of 14) patients with high CURB-65 were confused. 13 out of 23 females (56%) patients had less stability and longer hospital stay as compared to 12 out of 47 male (26%) patients. CONCLUSION - CURB-65 scoring system was not adequately helpful in deciding the severity and further management while hypoxemia and age emerged as good individual predictors for severity of CAP while female gender was associated with poor outcome and longer hospital stay. Hypoxemia even with low CURB-65 score helped in severity assessment and ICU admission.