We present a rare case of acute retinal pigment epitheliitis (ARPE) following vaccination. An 18-year-old Japanese man visited our hospital with a 5-day history of a central scotoma in the right eye. He had received the second dose of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination (BNT162b2 mRNA, Pfizer-BioNTech) 1 month prior, following which he developed a low-grade fever of 37.3–37.5°C for 2 days accompanied by joint pain. Although he had received influenza vaccination 5 days prior to this presentation, no systemic symptoms other than injection site pain were observed. Blood test results were unremarkable. Ophthalmological examination revealed a decimal best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 0.8 and 1.2 in the right and left eyes, respectively. Intraocular pressure was 15 mm Hg in both eyes. Intraocular inflammation was not observed. Fundus examination revealed a localized lesion of pigment stippling associated with yellowish hypopigmentation in the fovea. Fluorescein angiography revealed slight transmission hyperfluorescence without leakage. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed disruption of the external limiting membrane (ELM), ellipsoid zone (EZ), and interdigitation zone (IZ). We diagnosed the patient with ARPE in the right eye. The patient was followed up without treatment. Five weeks after onset, the central scotoma in the right eye disappeared, and patient’s BCVA in the right eye improved to 1.5. OCT showed improvement in ELM and EZ continuity in the right eye, but IZ remained disruptive. Although the exact pathophysiology of the association between ARPE and these vaccinations is unclear, ARPE may develop after the vaccination.

We present a rare case of acute onset of dense vitreous hemorrhage (VH) associated with ruptured retinal arterial macroaneurysm (RAM) on the optic disc. A 63-year-old Japanese man had undergone phacoemulsification combined with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) including internal limiting membrane peeling in the right eye for a macular hole approximately 1 year before presentation. His decimal best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in the right eye was stable at 0.8 with no recurrence of macular hole. He visited our hospital emergently prior to his regular postoperative visit for a sudden decrease in visual acuity in the right eye. Clinical examinations and imaging tests revealed dense VH in the right eye, and we could not observe the fundus. B-mode ultrasonography of the right eye showed dense VH without retinal detachment and a bulge on the optic disc. His BCVA decreased to hand movement in the right eye. He had no medical history of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, antithrombotics, or ocular inflammation in both eyes. Accordingly, we performed PPV on the right eye. During vitrectomy, we found a RAM on the optic disc with retinal hemorrhage on the nasal side. We carefully reviewed the preoperative color fundus photographs and noticed that RAM was not present on the optic disc at the time of his visit 4 months earlier. After surgery, his BCVA improved to 1.2, the color of the RAM on the optic disc changed to grayish yellow, and optical coherence tomography images showed a shrunken RAM. RAM on the optic disc could cause VH early after its onset.