Increasing availability of geospatial data provides exceptional opportunities in knowledge creation and distribution. For the discovery of suitable data sources, keyword based search in the catalogue becomes inaccurate. The main reason behind this is the existing semantic heterogeneity in the database schema, deployed by different service providers. It necessitates the semantic management of the spatial catalogues. This paper presents an ontology based approach which is useful to create and manage catalogues semantically, hence resolving the semantic heterogeneity between geospatial repositories and incompatibility with spatial queries. Further, there is no standard available for semantic searching of the spatial catalogue till date. It will enhance the data extraction process by providing semantic meaning to the spatial catalogue.

No abstract

As a result of the development of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), it is now feasible to achieve enormous heat transfer, even though electrical and electronic devices have more compact spaces. A heat sink is a device that collects significant amounts of heat from various electrical and electronic surfaces and then releases that heat into the surrounding environment. In the current study, a ceramic microchannel heat sink (MCHS) with a rectangular channel having a length of 10 mm and dimensions of 57×180 μm was investigated numerically. Because ceramics are valuable materials that can withstand corrosive environments and extreme temperatures, they are statistically analyzed to evaluate whether a substance can work under such harsh conditions. Firstly, the finite element approach was used to solve the governing equations of the solid domain as ZrB2 composites and the fluid domain as water. Subsequently, a numerical analysis was conducted on an MCHS constructed from ZrB2 composites reinforced with SiC and CNT in a variable proportion of 20 vol.% and 10 vol.%, respectively. The results reveal the most significant temperature reduction for an ultra-high heat flux for the ZrB2 composite reinforced with 20 vol.% SiC, followed by the ZrB2 composite reinforced with 20 vol.% SiC & 10 vol.% CNT at Reynolds number 250. The fundamental causes of the exceptional heat transfer rate are the high surface density of the microchannel and the excellent thermal conductivity of the UHTCs.

Home fires have been taking place frequently and the threat to human lives and properties has grown in recent years. Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is extremely combustible and may burn even at a long way from the supply of escape. Most fire accidents are caused because of a poor-quality rubber tube or the regulator is not turned off when not in use. Therefore, developing the system which includes gas leakage alert, fire alarm, refill reminder is very essential. Hence, this paper presents a gas leakage alert system to detect the gas leakage, Fire alarm in case of fire, Automated ventilation in case of gas leakage and to alarm the people onboard and automated refill SMS generation. The Abbreviations in the title represents functionality of the kit: R-Refill Reminder, F-Fire Alert, L-Leakage Alert V. CONCLUSIONNowadays LPG leakage is a major problem in industry, household appliances. Our approach is to monitor and detect the leakage of gas. We have design a system which can provide total control action on peripheral by using microcontroller Atmega328. This is an effective method for detecting automatically and controlling the LPG gas leakage. This system also provides controlled action by closing regulator valve by using solenoid. We are using new approach of ventilation via mechanical window control in case of LPG leakage. It works on electromagnetic locking principle and this window operates automatically in the pre-mentioned scenario. This system is easily affordable to middle class people due to low one time installation cost and low maintenance cost. This monitors the gas and detection of its leakage system to provide the safety for the consumer. The control system of the RFL kit can be integrated with the fire control system of the premises. Over and above these safety features, the kit notifies the consumer via SMS, when the cylinder is about to exhaust. The system is also capable of booking a new cylinder automatically through a notification to Gas Agency. Thus the RFL kit focuses on improving both safety and lifestyle of the consumer.

The use of solar air heaters (SAH), which convert solar energy into heat energy, is one of the most efficient methods currently available for capturing the energy of the sun. However, because SAH have lower thermal efficiency, researchers have been concentrating on developing methods to modify the flow field to artificially boost thermal performance. In this work, a numerical investigation that focuses on a SAH that has been deliberately roughened using broken arc ribs is presented. This numerical analysis aims to determine the impact of incorporating broken arc ribs compared to smooth ones and how various roughness factors affect the friction factor and Nusselt number (Nu). The RNG k-[Formula: see text] turbulence model was used for the simulation. To solve the continuity, momentum, and energy equations, version R19.2 of Ansys FLUENT software was used. The results of the CFD study show that the average Nusselt number increases if there is a greater relative roughness pitch, and it achieves its highest value once relative roughness pitch ([Formula: see text]. The friction factor, on the other side, decreases as the Reynolds number (Re) increases, reaching its lowest value when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Maximum value of the thermohydraulic performance factor is observed to be 1.92 when applied to the geometry that corresponds to relative roughness height ([Formula: see text], ([Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text].