The acidogenic phase of a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) inoculated with well acclimated sludge will produce a substantial amount of hydrogen gas and steady state microbial biomass. Hydrogen production of more than 65% was observed at high dilution rate and 71% at low dilution rate. Gas production rate of more than 10 1/day was also observed from the chemostat reactors. The true yield (Yt) value was 0.625 g.VSS/g.COD-utilized and the kd value was 0.41 hr-1. Sample sludge (cell) from chemostat reactors was then collected at steady state and small amount was inoculated into small vials. Many sets of vials were prepared and all were filled up by different concentrations of glucose and growth medium with the same proportion. The vials were treated as batch culture of the mixed microorganisms, incubated at 30°C and put on a rotating shaker with 130 osc.min.-1. The VSS values analyzed on the vials sample at predetermined time intervals will provide the data for the inhibitory constants determinations. From the available kinetics parameters and inhibitory model equation, graph fittings computations were done. The inhibitory model fits to some degree on the experimental data. These findings confirmed the inhibitory effects of glucose concentrations and the ability to recover hydrogen gas from organic substances at certain predetermined concentrations.

Despite being designated the first UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in Malaysia, the Chini Lake Basin experiences continuing management challenges attributable to existing sectoral management practices and differences in demands of multiple stakeholders.Accordingly, a socio-economic survey and stakeholder consultative process were undertaken, involving relevant stakeholders in the lake basin. The consultative process involved: (a) identification and prioritization of relevant stakeholders; (b) assessment of their socio-economic activities and perceptions; (c) organization of focus group discussions between basin stakeholders; and (d) development of management recommendations in collaboration with stakeholders. The results of this study indicated the local community's way of living has changed from traditional occupations to a wage economy. Overlapping functions and lack of communication were among the major identified challenges facing by Chini Lake. Multiple strategies were proposed to promote environmental protection and good governance of Chini Lake, including formation of special area plans and strengthening institutional arrangements to sustainably manage the Chini Lake catchment. An effective authority also is necessary to improve communication and coordination of programmes by the various basin agencies and communities. K E Y W O R D S catchment management, Chini Lake Basin, governance, stakeholder consultations, sustainability | 105 SHARIP et Al.manner. This continued changing of land use with the catchment may affect the local communities dependent on the lake and the forest for their livelihoods, as well as altering other biological communities.Subsistence living, such as fishing and forest hunting, is important for aboriginal communities and highlights their dependence on the lake and surrounding forests remaining intact and, subsequently, the

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Putrajaya Lake and Wetlands being the centrepiece of Malaysia's administrative city is an important destination for recreation, sports and tourism in the country. The urban water body system with a total surface area of 400 hectares was designed and built so as to encircle the core island creating a complex morphometry. To ensure the water quality remains in its highest-level condition since its beginning, to perform its multi-functional uses, managing the lake catchment is of paramount importance. This paper describes the application of numerical simulation of Putrajaya Lake using coupled three-dimensional hydrodynamic-ecosystem model to assess the spatial dynamics of the lake water quality. The hydrodynamic model simulates the flow pattern under different meteorological forcing variables. The ecosystem model simulates the resulting spatial and diurnal water quality pattern. Wind is the dominant forcing variable driving the flow field. The lake exhibits spatial variation of physico-chemical variables with an overall high-quality of surface water. The model simulation illustrates the impact of potential discharges on the lake water quality, such as spread of pollutants, subsequently provides a useful tool to enhance the management of the lake sustainably under changing environment.

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