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Objective To identify the risk factors for upper urinaryResults The univariate analysis showed low vesical compliance, a high level of MUCP and the presence of DSD tract deterioration in a retrospective study of patients with myelodysplasia.to be significant factors for the incidence of VUR. Low vesical compliance and a high level of MUCP also Patients and methods The medical history, radiographic studies and urodynamic results from 39 children with correlated with the incidence of hydronephrosis. The multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship myelodysplasia who were treated at our hospital were reviewed retrospectively to obtain more accurate data between urodynamic values and upper urinary tract deterioration. The incidence of VUR was strongly in the prognosis of such patients. The upper urinary tracts were assessed by cysto-urethrography and correlated with a high MUCP and the presence of DSD. A high MUCP was also a significant factor in the excretory urography to determine the incidence of vesico-ureteric reflux (VUR) and hydronephrosis. The incidence of hydronephrosis. Conclusion Urodynamic results associated directly with relationships between the urodynamic variables, including vesical compliance, detrusor hyper-reflexia, the abnormal function of urethral control are significantly correlated with the cause of upper tract deteriordetrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) and the maximum urethral closing pressure (MUCP) to such upper ation in patients with myelodysplasia. Keywords Myelodysplasia, vesico-ureteric reflux, tract deterioration were evaluated using both univariate and multiple logistic regression analysis.detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, prognosis an objective statistical analysis to determine whether

A neural network model consisting of single motor cortex output cell, a-motoneurons, Renshaw cells and muscle units is presented. Firing rates of amotoneurons at different levels of muscle force obtained from the model closely agree with those measured in human muscles. Isometric force of the model increases almost linearly with the discharge frequencies of motor cortex output cell, in much the same fashion as being observed in monkeys. Effects of the size and the number of a-motoneurons in a motoneuron pool and inhomogeneous inhibitory actions via Renshaw cells upon behaviors of motor units are investigated.

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A new LSI configuration is proposed for multigigabit optical interconnections with a view to lowcost, low-power-dissipation, and precise-adjustment-free interconnection modules. This configuration is based on (a) minimization of additional functions for the optical transmitter and receiver and (b) realization of fully digital automatic timing adjustment. Test fabrication results of the transmitter and receiver LSIs, and modules show the effect of this new configuration, that is, a 2.8-GbiUs operation at,a received power of -9 dBm through a 100-m optical fiber. I N T R O D U C T I O NOptical transmission technology, mainly developed for long-distance communications, is currently being evolved to short-distance applications such as local area networks [ 11- [3]. In particular, optical interconnection systems are expected to eliminate board-to-board interconnection bottlenecks for future Gbit/s electronic equipment.A long-distance transmission system is required to have various functions such as automatic power control (APC) and automatic temperature control (ATC) for a transmitter or automatic offset canceling (AOC) and automatic gain control (AGC) for a receiver. These functions maintain a stable long-span transmission performance with a high sensitivity and a wide dynamic range by compensating the large fiber loss and characteristic variations of the LD and PD. The system also needs many off-chip components, such as large capacitors for phase compensation of DC feedback and for clock timing extraction, and for analog PLL timing adjustment circuit.The most important consideration in putting an optical interconnection to practical use is how to realize low-cost, low-power-dissipation, multi-channel, and preciseadjustment-free interconnection modules. NEW CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION(a) Minimization of additional functions Figure 1 shows the block diagram of an optical interconnection system with an AOC function in addition to basic functions such as E/O and O/E converters, an amplifier and a decision circuit. Dc-coupling with the AOC function is adopted because an ac-coupling capacitor and a dc-clamp circuit are difficult to monolithically integrate on a receiver LSI. The AOC circuit consists of two peak hold circuits and a DC amplifier, and it automatically adjusts the reference level to the post-amplifier, in order to equalize peak levels of balanced outputs (Q and Q-inverse) from the post-amplifier and to maximize an eye opening for a next stage decision circuit. This AOC circuit can compensate various offsets such as a zero-level offset caused by LD and PD variations and amplitude changes caused by a connection's loss as shown in Fig. 2 (a) and (b), respectively. Therefore, the AOC function is indispensable for systems with loss variations, APC and AGC functions can be omitted. Bit rate converters such as a multiplexer (MUX) and a demultiplexer (DMUX) are also necessary to eliminate board-to-board interconnection bottlenecks. (b) Automatic timing adjustment circuitA decision block with an automatic timing adjustment c...