Background: Type I diabetes mellitus is a metabolic syndrome manifested with chronic hyperglycemia due to insufficient insulin secretion. Hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus has been associated with the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) along with inflammatory mediators. There is no allopathic cure for T1DM; therefore, novel strategies for cost-effective plant origin treatments are needed to be formulated with fewer side effects. The research aims to analyze the potential effects of Moringa oleifera (MO) seed oil, tracking certain biochemical markers and antioxidant enzymes in Alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methodology: Eighteen male Wistar rats having weights of 180-220 g were distributed into 3 groups (n=6). Group I: served as Control group, Group II: served as Alloxan treated and Group III: served as Alloxan + MO treated. Diabetes was induced via intraperitoneally administered Alloxan dissolved in 0.9 % NaCl solution (120 mg/kg body weight). In group III, rats were also given 1.5 ml/kg body weight of MO seed oil daily from 4th day of Alloxan administration. The rats were decapitated just after the 21st day for biochemical and antioxidant assessments. Results: Treatment with MO seed oil has shown a significant decrease (p<0.05) in plasma glucose, serum urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. In contrast, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were not-significant (p>0.05) as compared with untreated control groups. Insulin and total protein levels had a significant increase (p<0.05) in Alloxan+MO treated group compared to the Alloxan treated group. Also, the antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased (p<0.05), whereas catalase (CAT) activity was not-significant (p>0.05) in Alloxan+MO treated group as compared with Alloxan treated group. Conclusion: Our study showed that MO seed oil is a potent anti-oxidative hypoglycemic agent capable of improving other clinical conditions related to either oxidative stress or diabetes mellitus, such as the hepatic, renal and pancreatic functions.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between serum vitamin D (calcediol, D2) with omentin-1 in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Study Design: Case Control Study/ Cross Sectional Study. Setting: Civil Hospital Karachi (CHK). Period: January 2016 to June 2016. Material & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, total of 250 cases of coronary artery disease were recruited randomly from the civil hospital, Karachi. Diagnosis based upon coronary angiography. Serum Vitamin D and omentin levels determined by using enzyme linked immunosorbent essay (ELISA) in Dr. Abdul Qadeer khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE). 120 apparently healthy controls were recruited. Results: we observed significant low levels of serum vitamin D and omentin-1in patients of coronary artery disease. Vitamin D (calcidiole, D2) deficiency (<30ng/L) was found in 82 % (n= 205) of CAD patients, moreover; 50.8% (n=127) patients were found with severe vitamin D deficiency (8.77± 3.87) placed in group III, 31.2% (n=78) patients were found with moderate deficiency (17.09 ±4 ng/mL) in group II, whereas only 18% (n=45) had optimal serum vitamin D levels (33.02 ±16.00 ng/ mL) placed in group I. Mean serum omentin-1 level was (578± 21.87, 409±32.09, 321± 23.01) in these subgroups respectively. Serum vitamin D (calcidiole, D2) level was associated positively with omentin-1 in CAD patients (P = 0.002) after adjustment for potential confounding variables; basal metabolic rate, waist circumference, blood pressure and lipid profile. Conclusion: Within the limits of the study, we concluded that low levels of vitamin D and omentin-1 are associated with prevalent coronary artery disease (CAD) and are independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. Further investigations are required in different ethnic groups and populations to confirm the findings.