SUMMARY Maximal aerobic capacity in bicycle ergometer tests was studied in nine children (aged 11 to 12 years) and five young men (aged 19 to 23 years), all with a spastic form of cerebral palsy, and compared with non‐handicapped control groups. Results showed somewhat lower values for heart rate, oxygen uptake/kg, ventilation/kg and blood lactate concentrations for the majority of the spastic group. The physical work capacity of the handicapped group amounted to about 50 per cent of the corresponding values for the non‐handicapped controls. Poor mechanical efficiency in the spastic group is the consequence of high oxygen uptake in relation to the work performed. The poor mechanical performance is mainly caused by the extra amount of energy required for qualitative changes in the muscle (constant hypertonia), involuntary movements and stabilizing movements during exercise on the bicycle ergometer. RÉSUMÉ Capacité aérobique maximale chez de jeunes infirmes moteurs cérébraux spastiques La capacité aérobique maximale au test de bicyclette ergométrique a été étudiée chez neuf enfants (âges de 11 à 12 ans) et cinq jeunes gens (âgés de 19 à 23 ans), tous présentant une forme spastique d'infirmité motrice cérébrale; une comparaison a été faite avec un groupe contrôle non handicapé. Les résultats ont montré des valeurs plus faibles dans la fréquence cardiaque, l'absorption d'oxygène par kilo de poids, la ventilation par kilo de poids et la concentration sanguine en lactate pour la majorité du groupe spastique. La capacité de travail physique du groupe handicapé atteignait environ 50 pour cent des valeurs correspondantes obtenues chez les contrôles non handicapés. L'efficience mécanique pauvre dans le groupe spastique est la conséquence d'une absorption d'oxygène élevée pour le travail fourni. La performance mécanique pauvre est liée principalement à l'énergie supplémentaire exigée par les modifications qualitatives du muscle (hypertonie constante), les mouvements involontaires et les mouvements d'équilibration durant les exercices sur la bicyclette ergométrique. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Maximale Sauerstoffkapazitat bei jungen Leuten mit einer spastischen Cerebralparese Bei neun Kindern (im Alter von 11 bis 12 Jahren) und fünf jungen Männern (im Alter von 19 bis 23 Jahren), die alle eine spastische Cerebralparese hatten, wurde die maximale Sauerstoffkapazitat bei Fahrradergometertests untersucht und mit gesunden Kontrollen verglichen. Die Mehrzahl der Spastiker hatte eine niedrigere Herzfrequenz, Sauerstoffaufnahme/kg, Atemminutenvolumen/kg und Laktatkonzentration im Blut. Die physische Arbeitsleistung der behinderten Gruppe betrug etwa 50 Prozent von der der gesunden Kontrollen. Geringe mechanische Effizienz bei der Spastikergruppe ist die Folge einer hohen Sauerstoffaufnahme im Verhältnis zur geleisteten Arbeit. Die Ursache für die schlechte mechanische Leistung besteht darin, dass zusätzliche Energie für das Wechselspiel im Muskeltonus (konstante Hypertonie), für unwillkürliche Bewegungen und zum Halten des Gleichgewichtes auf ...
SUMMARY Nineteen adolescents with spastic diplegia and 12 able‐bodied controls took part in a longitudinal study of aerobic capacity and physical working capacity during their teens. Absolute values for aerobic capacity and physical working capacity increased during the teens for both groups, which appears to contradict earlier descriptions of prematurely decreased physical working capacity among cerebral‐palsied adolescents. On the other hand, net mechanical efficiency during submaximal bicycle ergometer tests decreased significantly in the diplegic group during their teens, and especially among those with severe motor handicap. This is of interest because these children are at risk of insufficient physical activity at school, partly because of the unsatisfactory design of physical education programmes for motor‐handicapped children. RÉSUMÉ Etude longitudinale des capacités de travail physique chez de jeunes IMC spastiques Dix‐neuf adolescents avec diplkgie spastique et 12 controles à capacité physique normale ont pris part à une étude longitudinale de capacité respiratoire et de capacité de travail physique de 13 á 20 ans. Les valeurs absolues de la capacité respiratoire et de la capacité de travail physique sont accrues avec l'âge dans les deux groupes, ce qui apparait en contradiction avec des descriptions antérieures d'une diminution prématurée de la capacité de travail physique chez les adolescents IMC. D'un autre côté, l'efficience mécanique nette au cours des tests ergométriques sub‐maximaux sur bicyclettes a décru significativement avec l'âge dans le groupe diplégique, spécialement en cas de handicap moteur grave. Cette donnée est intéressante car ces enfants sont en risque d'une activité physique insuffisante à l'école en partie du fait de la construction non satisfaisante des programmes d'éducation physique pour les enfants handicapks moteurs. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Langzeitstudie zur Bestimmung der körperlichen Arbeitsfähigkeit junger Leute rnit spastischer Cerebralparese 19 Jugendliche und 12 gesunde Kontrollen wurden einer Langzeitstudie unterzogen zur Bestimmung der aerobischen Kapazität und der körperlichen Arbeitsfähigkeit. Die Absolutwerte für die aerobische Kapazität und die körperliche Arbeitsfähigkeit nahm bei beiden Gruppen mit dem Alter zu, was früheren Beschreihungen zu widersprechen scheint, nach denen die körperliche Arbeitsfähigkeit bei cerebralparetischen Jugendlichen frühzeitig abfällt. Dagegen zeigte sich bei der diplegischen Gruppe und speziell bei den Patienten mit schweren motorischen Störungen im Adoleszentenalter ein Nachlassen der rein mechanischen Effizienz bei submaximalen Fahrradergometerttsts. Dies ist besonders wichtig, da diesen Kindern in der Schule unzureichende körperliche Aktivitäten angeboten werden, was zum Teil auf schlecht ausgearbeiteten sportlichen Programmen für motorisch behinderte Kinder beruht. RESUMEN Estudio longitudinal de la capacidad para el trabajo físico en genre joven con parálisis cerebral espástica Diecinueve adolescentes con diplegia espástica y 12 contr...
Summary The case material consisted of 17 pupils at the Norrbacka Institute Schools. Cerebral palsy (CP) was present in 7 cases (mediam age 19 years), and paraplegia of other origin‐chiefly myelomeningocele‐in 10 (median age 17 years). All had severe motor but not mental handicaps, and had to use a wheel‐chair for their daily activities. Physical training was carried out for 30 minutes twice a week for 6 weeks, concurrently with the ordinary gymnastics. It consisted of fast wheel‐chair driving, exercising with medicine balls and dumb‐bells, and levering movements in a wheel‐chair and on parallel bars. Exercise tests were made on an ergometer bicycle for arm work; the loads were submaximal for all pupils, and also maximal for 8 in the paraplegia group. Identical submaximal tests were carried out before and after the training period, together with determination of the oxygen uptake, heart rate, blood lactate concentration and roentgenological heart volume. In the CP group, the blood lactate concentration was lower after training than before it. In the paraplegia group, significantly lower values were recorded after training for oxygen uptake, heart rate and blood lactate. No change in heart volume was detected in either group. In the 8 pupils in the paraplegia group who could perform maximal work, a 40% increase was noted after training. The better training results in the paraplegia group can be explained by the more severe handicap in the CP group, in which the arms were also involved in most cases. The heart rate during training was an average 140 beats/min in the paraplegia group, but only 115 beats/min in the CP group. The results show that these severely handicapped adolescents were able to improve their working capacity, despite training being of fairly mild intensity and carried out during a relatively short period. This implies that the ordinary gymnastic lessons were inadequate for improving the pupils' working capacity, and should therefore be complemented by a training programme of the type described. A better working capacity is highly desirable for their performance at school, as well as during their activity of daily living. It is concluded that this type of training should be included in the conventional habilitation programme for children and adolescents with motor handicaps of this type.
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