Phosphomannomutase/phosphoglucomutase contributes to infectivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, retains and reorients its intermediate by 180°, and rotates domain 4 to close the deep catalytic cleft. NMR spectra of the backbone of wild-type and S108C-inactivated enzymes were assigned to at least 90%. 13C secondary chemical shifts report excellent agreement of solution and crystallographic structure over the 14 α-helices, C-capping motifs, and 20 of the 22 β-strands. Major and minor NMR peaks implicate substates affecting 28% of assigned residues. These are attributable to the phosphorylation state and possibly to conformational interconversions. S108C substitution of the phosphoryl donor and acceptor slowed transformation of the glucose-1-phosphate substrate by impairment of kcat. Addition of the glucose-1,6-bisphosphate intermediate accelerated this reaction by 2 – 3 orders of magnitude, somewhat bypassing the defect and apparently relieving substrate inhibition. The S108C mutation perturbs the NMR spectra and electron density map around the catalytic cleft, while preserving the secondary structure in solution. Diminished peak heights and faster 15N relaxation are suggestive of line broadening and millisecond fluctuations within four loops that can contact phosphosugars. 15N NMR relaxation and peak heights suggest that domain 4 reorients slightly faster in solution than domains 1 to 3, and with a different principal axis of diffusion. This adds to the crystallographic evidence for domain 4 rotations in the enzyme, which were previously suggested to couple to reorientation of intermediate, substrate binding, and product release.

We have previously reported enantiomeric α/β‐ and β‐peptides derived from aminopyrancarboxylic acids (APyCs). We now report the synthesis of diastereomeric β‐peptides synthesized from alternating (R,R)/(S,S)‐APyCs and C‐linked carbo β3‐amino acids [(R)/(S)‐β3‐Caas] and their conformational analysis. Extensive studies of these peptides revealed the presence of enantiomeric helical structures, that is, left‐ and right‐handed 12/10‐helices, that are well stabilized by five‐membered electrostatic interactions between the pyran oxygen atom and the succeding amide proton. The study thus reveals, irrespective of the nature of the peptides, that the APyC monomers influence on the outcome of the helical handedness, as established by NMR, CD and molecular dynamics (MD) analyses.

A new β-amino acid, trans-3-aminopyran-2-carboxylic acid (APyC), was designed and synthesized from (R)-glyceraldehyde derivative and used in the synthesis of α/β-peptides in a 1 : 1 alternating pattern with d-Ala. The presence of oxygen atom at the Cβ(2)-position in APyC was envisaged to provide opportunity for additional interaction. These hybrid peptides have shown the presence of 9/11-helix through extensive NMR and MD studies. The amide protons of d-Ala, in addition to participating in 9-mr H-bonding with CO of succeeding β-residue, were also involved in additional electrostatic interaction with pyran ring oxygen of preceding β-residue, which facilitated further stabilization to the 9/11-mixed helix. The study thus results in a new 'motif' for a 9/11-helix, and the first example from a cyclic β-amino acid.

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