BACKGROUND: The new coronavirus infection (coronavirus disease [COVID]-19) has become a serious obstacle on the health-care systems in Kazakhstan, as well as throughout the world. Certainly, the extent of emergency medical services (EMSs) use at some stage within the COVID-19 pandemic has been increased. However, the impact on the use of EMS in Kazakhstan during the COVID-19 pandemic has not been studied. AIM: The aim of this study was to analyze the dynamics of changes in the number of emergency medical calls during the COVID-19 pandemic, depending on the time of year, day of the week, and the causes for the calls. METHODS: This study retrospectively evaluated the Nur-Sultan (capital of Kazakhstan) EMS data for the period after the pandemic was first seen in Kazakhstan. The necessary permissions for the study were obtained from the Nur-Sultan City Public Health Department. EMS data for the same time interval (February 1–May 1) in the past 3 years (2018, 2019, and 2020) were compared. The data were taken from the database of the automated control system “Komek 103,” which is used in the ambulance station since the end of 2019, and the automated dispatch information systems “ADIS” used by the ambulance station in Nur-Sultan. RESULTS: During the COVID-19 pandemic, EMS call rates had been maximum common on Mondays and Thursdays by 13, 75%. The evaluation suggests that the quantity of male sufferers extended by 14, 05% in the course of the pandemic length, as compared to the pre-pandemic length. The quantity of patients with inside the 65+ age group in the course of the pandemic length has extended by 31.5%. During the pandemic, the signs and symptoms of fever enlarged significantly by 83%. Moreover, suicides elevated by 61% during the pandemic period. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, using EMS particularly for time touchy illnesses, which include hypertension (−31%), surgical emergencies (acute abdomen) (−40%), cerebrovascular illnesses (−11%), and other heart illnesses (−29%) decreased. CONCLUSIONS: During the pandemic period, there was an increase in the calls from male patients, compared to the pre-pandemic period. Moreover, during the COVID-19 pandemic, EMS call rates had been increased on Mondays and Thursdays. We found an alteration with inside the sample of obtained calls. Furthermore, the quantity of patients with inside the 65+ age group in the course of the pandemic length has extended.

The aim of the study is to analyze trends in the structure of emergency medical services in Nur-Sultan city in 2016-2019. Methods. We took the data from electronic resources of various state medical institutions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. We conducted an analysis of trends in the structure of emergency medical services in Nur-Sultan (2016-2019). We applied a statistical method for calculating a number of dynamics. Results. Analysis of the data obtained showed that more than 4% of calls to Nur-Sultan emergency medical services are unsuccessful, which is higher than the indicator for the Republic of Kazakhstan (3%). The maximum number of rejected calls for unjustified reasons was recorded in 2018 (73 units) compared to 2017 and the growth rate was 82%. Conclusions. The problem of unsuccessful emergency medical services is relevant and can cause significant financial costs

Abstract BACKGROUND: Recently, the problem of changes in immunological reactivity has become important with the growth of immunodeficiency states of a different nature. [4]. High radiosensitivity of the immune system, its stability in time and the irreversibility of some post-radiation changes can contribute to the development of long-term effects of radiation [2,3,6]. One of the tasks of modern medicine and biology is to study the effect of chronic or fractionated ionizing effects on the body's immune system both in the early and late periods of irradiation and their 1st generation descendants [1,2,3,11,12].  Therefore, it is necessary to study the long-term effects of sublethal and fractionated effects of g-radiation on the immunological reactivity of the organism, nonspecific phagocytic resistance and their 1st generation descendants. AIM: The aim of this study was to study the long-term effects of sublethal and fractionated effects of g-radiation on the immunological reactivity of the organism, nonspecific phagocytic resistance and their 1st generation descendants.. METHODS: 7 series of experiments were performed on 105 white outbred sexually mature rats. 1-series intact (n=15), 2nd series - (n = 15) irradiated with a sublethal dose of 6 Gr. (1 month), 3rd series - irradiated with a sublethal dose (3 months, n = 20), 4 - descendants 1 - generations after sublethal dose, 5 series - irradiated with a fractionated dose (1 month), 6 series - irradiated with a fractionated dose (3 months), 7 - descendants of the 1st generation after fractionated -irradiation. Each series used 15 animals.     Irradiation of animals 2 - 3 - 4 series was carried out on the Russian radiotherapy device "Agat-RM" -rays 60Co, the dose of sublethal irradiation is 6 Gr. Irradiation of animals of 5-6-7 series was carried out on the Russian radiotherapy device "Agat-RM" with 60Co-rays with topometric and dosimetric preparation of experimental animals, which facilitates the administration of a fractionated dose of 2 Gr. to animals three times within 3 weeks. RESULTS: In the long-term period after fractionated g-irradiation in the T-system of immunity, the following changes occur: against the background of an increase in the total number of lymphocytes, there is a decrease in the pool of CD3 +, CD4 + lymphocytes, immunoregulatory index, normalization of the lymphokine-producing ability of lymphocytes and a decrease in the pool of CD8 + lymphocytes. In the long-term period after fractionated g-irradiation in the humoral link of immunity, an increase in the absolute amount of CD19 + by 3.5 times was noted, which significantly exceeded the indicators of both control and intact animals. The percentage of this pool of cells exceeded the data of intact ones by 1.7 times. In the studied time period, the antibody-producing ability in the spleen increased from 22 ± 1.3 to 45 ± 2.6, without reaching, however, the level of intact animals. At the same time, there was a significant decrease in the suppression index to 13% (P<0.001) and the CIC concentration by 14 times (P<0.001) in the blood serum. The indicators of F/n and NST-test were high by 1.43 and 2.46 times, respectively. So, in the long-term period after exposure to a fractionated dose of g-radiation, the nonspecific phagocytic resistance of the organism is increased. CONCLUSIONS: The tension in the humoral link of immunity is manifested by a decrease in the quantitative and qualitative indicators and an increase in the functional and metabolic activity of neutrophils.