-Introduction. Fruit quality characteristics are governed by preharvest factors, mainly climate, nutrition and plant bio-regulators, of which the latter two can easily be manipulated in the grower's interest. Likewise, the postharvest treatments with the best performance can maintain quality during storage and distribution. Therefore, it is important to embrace a holistic approach to combine the pre-and postharvest practices in view of attaining maximum quality and satisfaction at the consumer level. Materials and methods. Various combinations of mineral nutrients (calcium and boron) and bio-regulators (salicylic acid and gibberellic acid) were applied at the pre-and postharvest stages of apple fruits to study their influence on postharvest behavior of these fruits during 60 days of storage under ambient conditions. Results and discussions. Among the different treatments tried, fruits treated with either salicylic acid or calcium showed significant improvement with regards to improved physico-chemical characteristics and reduced fruit infection percentage. Integration of pre-and postharvest application of chemicals was verified as the most effective choice for the improvement of shelf life of apple fruits amongst the treatment combinations applied either at the pre-or postharvest stage. The application of salicylic acid in combination with calcium or boron renders an alternative to the use of fungicides to control decay during apple fruit storage. Résumé -Introduction. Les caractéristiques de qualité des fruits sont régies par certains facteurs intervenant avant leur récolte, principalement le climat, la nutrition et les bio-régulateurs des plantes ; ces deux derniers éléments peuvent facilement être manipulés pour aider le producteur. De même, certaines combinaisons de traitements après récolte sont aptes à maintenir la qualité des fruits pendant le stockage et la distribution. Il en résulte qu'il serait important d'adopter une approche globale permettant de combiner les pratiques avant ou après récolte en vue d'obtenir une qualité maximale et la satisfaction du consommateur. Matériel et méthodes. Diverses combinaisons d'éléments minéraux (calcium et bore) et de bio-régulateurs (acide salicylique et acide gibbérellique) ont été appliquées à des lots de pommes avant et après récolte pour étudier leur influence sur le comportement après récolte de ces fruits au cours d'un stockage de 60 jours dans des conditions ambiantes. Résultats et discussion. Parmi les diffé-rents traitements essayés, les fruits traités soit avec de l'acide salicylique soit avec du calcium ont montré une amélioration significative de leurs caractéristiques physico-chimiques et leur taux d'infection a été réduit. Parmi tous les traitements testés, les combinaisons de produits chimiques appliquées avant et après récolte se sont avérées être les plus appropriées à une amélioration de la durée de conservation des pommes. L'application de l'acide salicylique en combinaison avec du calcium ou du bore permettrait de pallier l'utilisation d...

The main objective of the present investigation was to develop an improvised method for the preparation of Rhododendron squash, which otherwise had a narrow consumer's acceptability, despite being rich in antioxidants due to faulty preparation procedure and to compare the superiority of the new method over existing preparation method by examining various antioxidants and total antioxidant capacity. For the preparation of squashes in the present investigation, Rhododendron petals were heated with water at 80 °C for 20 min and left for 3-hour (or 180 min) followed by filtration and addition of sugar with or without ginger juice. Leaving Rhododendron petals with water for 3-hour at room temperature following heating facilitated maximum recovery of anthocyanin in water. Rhododendron squashes, prepared through improvised method, were compared with a Rhododendron squash collected from the market (control) for their physico-chemical characteristics, antioxidants and sensory quality attributes. The improvised Rhododendron squashes registered higher values for most of the parameters than the control.

Starch from chickpea seeds was isolated using three different steeping solutions viz water, sodium hydroxide and potassium metabisulfite and subsequently heat‐moisture treated (HMT) at 110 °C after adjusting moisture contents to 30% for 8 hr. The aim was to see the effect of steeping solutions on the physicochemical, morphological, crystalline and rheological properties of chickpea starch and their influence on heat‐moisture treatment of the starches. Starch isolated by water as steeping media showed the highest amylose content and swelling power. HMT starches showed lower granule sizes, swelling power, and bulk and tapped densities than native starch. The X‐ray diffraction pattern of HMT starches also showed difference in position and intensity of peaks. The starches after heat‐moisture treatment also differed significantly in loss and elastic modulus than those of native starches. Practical applications There is increased demand of heat‐moisture treated starches by the food industry. The present research is aimed at finding the isolation method of starch from chick pea seeds which can be subsequently used for heat‐moisture treatment. This can help industry to selectively modify the process before physical modification. There is a need of more understanding of how starch behaves after heat‐moisture treatment and its possible uses in products as texture stabilizer, and this research is directed at achieving at these aims.

The experiment was carried out 2015-16 in Mango orchard at Fruit Research Station Kuthulia, College of Agriculture Rewa (M.P). The study revealed that the Effect of micronutrients on growth, yield and fruit quality of mango (Mangifera Indica L.) cv. Dashehari with 7 treatments in Randomized Block Design with three replications, Observations were recorded on growth yield & quality parameters. The maximum plant height was recorded (9.59m) in Treatment T4, RDF + Foliar spray of 0.4% Zinc sulphate + 0.2% copper sulphate + 0.2% Boric acid (2 Spray at just before flowering and marble stage) followed by (9.03m) treatmentT5, RDF + Zinc sulphate 100 g + Copper sulphate 50 g + Boric acid 50 g (soil application) in basin after harvest + Foliar spray of 0.2% Zinc sulphate + 0.1% Boric acid (2 Spray at just before flowering and marble stage. The maximum plant spread was recorded (Mean of N-S 11.93m E-W 12.87) in treatment T2, RDF + Zinc sulphate 200 g + Copper sulphate 100 g + Boric scid 100 g (soil application) in basin after harvest. The maximum number of fruits per plant was recorded (288.00) in treatment T5, RDF + Zinc sulphate 100 g + Copper sulphate 50 g + Boric acid 50 g (soil application) in basin after harvest + Foliar spray of 0.2% Zinc sulphate + 0.1% Boric acid (2 Spray at just before flowering and marble stage) However the maximum tree volume (1100.79 m3) was recorded in treatment T4, RDF+ Zinc sulphate 0.4%+ Copper sulphate 0.2% + Boric acid 0.2%(2 spray at just before flowering and marble stage). The maximum length and width of fruit were recorded (10.67cm), (5.97cm) in treatment T5, RDF+ Zinc sulphate 100g + Copper sulphate 50g + Boric acid 50g (soil application) + Zinc sulphate 0.2%+ Boric acid 0.1%(2 spray at just before flowering and marble stage). The maximum fruit yield was recorded (64.04kg/tree) in treatment T5, RDF + Zinc sulphate 100 g + Copper sulphate 50 g + Boric acid 50 g (soil application) in basin after harvest + Foliar spray of 0.2% Zinc sulphate + 0.1% Boric acid (2 Spray at just before flowering and marble stage). The minimum fruit yield was recorded (29.55kg)in treatment T7control RDF only. The maximumpulp percentage was recorded (79.94%) in treatment T5, RDF+ Zinc sulphate 100g + Copper sulphate 50g + Boric acid 50g (soil application) + Zinc sulphate 0.2%+ Boric acid 0.1%(2 spray at just before flowering and marble stage) The maximum acidity was recorded (0.26%) in treatment T4, RDF + Foliar spray of 0.4% Zinc sulphate + 0.2% copper sulphate + 0.2% Boric acid (2 Spray at just before flowering and marble stage).The maximum total soluble solids (TSS) was recorded(21.13 0 Brix) T5, RDF + Zinc Sulphate 100 g + Copper sulphate 50 g + Boric acid 50 g (soil application) in basin after harvest + Foliar spray of 0.2% Zinc sulphate + 0.1% Boric acid (2 Spray at just before flowering and marble stage).

With the advancement of technologies, methods of teaching, learning and evaluation in higher education need modification from the current scenario. Teaching is key component in educational planning, which is one of the most important factor in steering educational plans. Despite the importance of good teaching, the outcomes are far from ideal. This paper deals to investigate effective teaching, learning and evaluation for higher education. Rapid changes in the modern world has caused the Higher Education System to face overabundance of challenges. Therefore, the training of more eager and thoughtful individuals in interdisciplinary fields is vital. Research and exploration to figure out effective teaching and learning methods are one of the most important necessities in the modern educational systems. Professors have a determining role in training eager and thoughtful individuals. Universities and colleges are the places where new ideas sprout; roots strike deep and grows tall and sturdy. These places embrace the entire universe of knowledge. These are the spaces where creative minds converge, interact with each other and construct visions for noble realities. Established notions of truth are challenged in the pursuit of knowledge.