No abstract

a b s t r a c tWe provide an assessment of sea level simulated in a suite of global ocean-sea ice models using the interannual CORE atmospheric state to determine surface ocean boundary buoyancy and momentum fluxes. These CORE-II simulations are compared amongst themselves as well as to observation-based estimates. We focus on the final 15 years of the simulations (1993)(1994)(1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007), as this is a period where the CORE-II atmospheric state is well sampled, and it allows us to compare sea level related fields to both satellite and in situ analyses. The ensemble mean of the CORE-II simulations broadly agree with various global and regional observation-based analyses during this period, though with the global mean thermosteric sea level rise biased low relative to observation-based analyses. The simulations reveal a positive trend in dynamic sea level in the west Pacific and negative trend in the east, with this trend arising from wind shifts and regional changes in upper 700 m ocean heat content. The models also exhibit a thermosteric sea level rise in the subpolar North Atlantic associated with a transition around 1995/1996 of the Atlantic Oscillation to its negative phase, and the advection of warm subtropical waters into the subpolar gyre. Sea level trends are predominantly associated with steric trends, with thermosteric effects generally far larger than halosteric effects, except in the Arctic and North Atlantic. There is a general anticorrelation between thermosteric and halosteric effects for much of the World Ocean, associated with density compensated changes.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

We theoretically propose a surface-plasmon-based fiber optic biosensor in metal/graphene/MoS2 configuration with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as a bio recognition layer. The proposed configuration works in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum with a very high sensitivity. A comparative theoretical study of the sensors with different metallic layers of gold (Au), copper (Cu), and aluminum (Al) has been performed. The sensor has been found to be the most sensitive in both Cu/graphene/MoS2 and Al/graphene/MoS2 configurations with sensitivity of 6.2 μm/RIU. In both of the configurations the thicknesses of Cu and Al layers is 50 nm and the number of layers of graphene is 16 and 27, respectively, while only a single layer of MoS2 has been used. The sensitivity of the sensor in the Au/graphene/MoS2 configuration is 5.0 μm/RIU with comparatively high depth of resonance.

We characterize the representation of the Southern Ocean water mass structure and sea ice within a suite of 15 global ocean-ice models run with the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiment Phase II (CORE-II) protocol. The main focus is the representation of the present (1988-2007) mode and intermediate waters, thus framing an analysis of winter and summer mixed layer depths; temperature, salinity, and potential vorticity structure; and temporal variability of sea ice distributions. We also consider the inter-annual variability over the same 20 year period. Comparisons are made between models as well as to observation-based analyses where available.

No abstract