Abstract. Kadir A, Suharno, Reawaruw Y, Komari, Mahuze A. 2021. Ethnobotanical knowledge of Marind-Anim Tribe in utilizing sago (Metroxylon sagu) in Merauke, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 264-272. Sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) is one of the biological resources utilized by several communities, mainly in New Guinea and Moluccas region. In Papua (Indonesia New Guinea), sago is a source of food and is also used for the living needs of local people for generations. This study aims to explore the ethnobotanical knowledge regarding the utilization of sago by the Marind–Anim tribe in Merauke, Papua, Indonesia based on local wisdom. Data were collected using survey method and the analysis was done using qualitative approach. The research was conducted in 7 villages representing 6 sub-districts (Merauke, Sota, Tanah Merah, Kurik, Animha, Marind) in Merauke District. The results show that sago is an important resource for the Marind-Anim community to fulfill a wide range of needs from foods, building materials, and cultural activities. Each sub-tribe has a different perspective in grouping sago based on local knowledge. The difference is based on an understanding of the size of the tree trunk, the absence of thorns on the leaves, the height of the plant, the shape and size of the leaves, and the color of the stems/leaves. Based on local knowledge, there are at least five clusters of sago in the Merauke area across the villages surveyed. In Merauke, sago is processed into a traditional food called Sep, which is different from the people in the northern region of Papua, who process it into Papeda. In addition to Sago Sep, the community also knows other types of sago processing, namely Sago Ebayak, Sago Kwetahuk, and Sago Sinoli. The community has conducted conservation efforts based on local knowledge in Sar, Quality Sar, and selective cutting. The goal of such efforts is to maintain the sustainability of sago in meeting the needs for foods.

One model of ownership of access and the management of coastal and marine resources is a communal property widely applied to indigenous peoples who have ”hak ulayat” (customary rights) over coastal and marine areas. This article aims to analyze and deeply describe the traditional knowledge systems and coastal resource management of the Tobati-Enggros coastal fishermen. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using an ethnographic approach. The data collection techniques used were in-depth interviews and field observations. The data analysis is interpretive descriptive. The results showed the traditional maritime knowledge system in Tobati-Enggros fishers includes the nature of the marine coast, fishing gears, types of fishing, and fishing season. Management of Coastal Resources is also regulated in the Customary Authority under the leadership of ”Keondoafian” (tribal chief) by implementing Manjo in managing coastal resources. This shows that the existence of Manjo customary law and subsistence utilization patterns, based on traditional knowledge systems, the Tobati-Enggros fishing community has local wisdom values closely connected with the aim of marine conservation.

<div><p class="ABSTRAKen">This article reveals the dynamics of local communities in Papua in accommodating differences between them. Those different ethnic and cultural communities, are able to build social relations through cultural mechanisms. Using the ethnographic approach this article reveals that Papuan people have a strong cultural capital to relate existing differences. Through communal culture, exchange relation in the form of enjoying eating together, religion of relatives, and the culture of one stone stove made of three stone, as well as inter-clans marriage become the mechanism that becomes elements of social glue between the community members. Although tribal conflicts often occur, traditional communities have a way of handling conflict through cultural mechanisms, such as "eating together", "burning stones" and accompanied by slaughter of sacrificial animals.</p></div>

Abstract. Kadir A, Tanjung RHR, Suharno, Rumahorbo BT, Reza MA. 2020. Soil physicochemical and ethnobiological studies on the peat swamp forests of Southern Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: xxxx.  Peatlands play an important role in human life, particularly its direct impact for the locals. People in peatlands depend on the availability of natural resources, including in Papua. The purpose of this research was to determine the important role of peatland areas in the lives of locals in southern Papua. The survey was conducted using the purposive sampling method. Peat soil samples were analyzed at the Balai Penelitian dan Teknologi Pertanian (Agricultural Research and Technology Center) (BPTP) Yogyakarta. The results showed that peatlands in the southern part of Papua, specifically Mappi District, belong to the fibric peats category. Soil analysis results showed that the average pH is 4.04 (acidic), organic C is 16.39% (high), total N is 1.12% (very high), and C/N ratio is 14.69(moderate). In general, the local’s knowledge about peat swamp is still low (26.98%), most of them (73.02%) do not know the existence of peat swamp forest. So far, people only know the forest as swamp forest. The locals still depend on forest areas to fulfill their daily needs, therefore peat areas land-use must be followed by wise management so that they can be made sustainable.

Abstract. Suharno, Kadir A, Sembiring E, Masiki AD, Mubarak T, Lessil N, Ratnawati LD, Idris D, Imbenai JG. 2021. Population estimation of freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus novaeguineae) and tree vegetation diversity at wildlife reserve of Mamberamo Foja, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2928-2936. The structure and composition of vegetation in the conservation area have a major influence on the existence of other flora and fauna, including freshwater crocodiles (C. novaeguineae). Wildlife Reserve of Mamberamo Foja (WRMF) is a conservation area in Papua that aims to protect the habitat and existence of freshwater crocodiles. The purpose of this study was to estimate the number of freshwater crocodile populations and tree species diversity in the WRMF, Papua. The method used was a field survey. The crocodile survey was carried out using the spotlight night count method. Tree species diversity was assessed using the line-transect plot method in 6 different locations representing the Upper, Central, and Lower Mamberamo. The results of the investigation showed that the freshwater crocodile population in the WRMF was around 0.3-19.7 individuals per kilometer. The population of this freshwater crocodile was very high, with an average of 4.5 individuals per 1-kilometer distance. The highest population numbers were found in the upstream Mamberamo River area 6.22 ind./km, followed by the central Mamberamo (2.21 ind./km) and downstream Mamberamo area (2.05 ind./km). Crocodiles were found in the Mamberamo River and other river systems, such as swamps and lakes. The tree vegetation in this area is still relatively good, and there are 112 species, dominated by the Moraceae, Burseraceae, Myrtaceae, Rubiaceae, Lauraceae, Dipterocarpaceae, and Euphorbiaceae families. The results of this study are important as a basis for determining the conservation policy for freshwater crocodiles that have limited distribution.