<p>The May 1998 riots that occurred were the result of a collection of political, social and economic events that occurred during the New Order. Events of the May 1998 riots in the city of Surakarta had a great influence on the lives of the victims. In the aftermath of the May 1998 riots, several victims were declared traumatized to the extent of damaging their homes and businesses. The purpose of this study was to determine the chronology of the May 1998 riots and analyze the dynamics of the May 1998 riots in the city of Surakarta. The theory in this research is the Conflict theory from Ralf Dahrendorf. This type of research is a qualitative research with an ethnographic approach in the city of Surakarta. The sampling technique with snowball sampling technique. The research informants consisted of student activists and formal organizations, journalists, religious leaders and victims of the May 1998 incident. Data were collected by observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. To test data validity with source triangulation. The data analysis technique uses an interactive analysis model from Miles and Huberman.<strong> </strong>The results showed that the May 1998 riots which occurred for two days caused damage and material losses. Mass amok movements occur regularly by doing damage, looting to arson in every corner of the city. After the May 1998 riots, the city's economic sector did not work. Some entrepreneurs were forced to stop production for a while due to the damage they experienced. Post-disaster economic reconstruction is carried out by the government and community groups by providing assistance to victims. From social conditions, after the May 1998 riots some victims decided to flee to areas that were safe from conflict. After the riots of May 1998 victims were pressured by the community in the form of negative stigma. Discomfort and fear experienced by the people after the riots began to be addressed by involving religious institutions. Religious institutions work together in creating communication forums between communities. in terms of the psychological condition of the people after the riots, some victims experienced trauma from witnessing firsthand the atrocities that occurred.<strong></strong></p>

Purpose of study: An objective of disaster-safety education unit program in Indonesia is to empower students (schoolchildren) in dealing with disaster. This research aimed to describe the transformative learning process about disaster mitigation to students and to analyze the changing process and the learning achievement. Methodology:  The research method chosen was Participatory Action Research (PAR)’s approach putting school children as the subject of research. The research took place in Kampong Sewu and Semanggi Solo that was always exposed to flood disaster during rainy season. Paulo Freire’s Transformative Learning Theory was used to analyze the result of analysis with children’s knowledge production (cognitive), critical reflection (affective), and action plan (psychomotor) approaches. Finding of study: The findings of research were as follows. Firstly, knowledge production approach was accomplished through exploring the children’s knowledge on a variety of disaster vulnerabilities in village and school environment s through illustrative picture. Secondly, critical reflection approach was carried out through identifying types of disaster and effect resulting through traditional game and docudrama. Thirdly, action plan approach was conducted by mapping evacuation map, meeting point, and disaster overcoming strategy with disaster simulation technique, and utilizing school and village resources. Applications of study:These three approaches in transformative learning process concerning disaster mitigation were expected to improve capacity and to reduce the students’ vulnerability, thereby realizing the students’ powerfulness in dealing with disaster. Novelty/Originality: The novelty of research was that it built school children’s powerfulness integrated into commonness and local wisdom values of Kampong Sewu and Semanggi.

<p><em>Tourism sector has grown to be the superior one with the fastest growth in the world and has been a locomotive of economic growth. Setabelan, Surakarta attempts to develop a culture and locality-based tourism village. This action research aims to analyze the process of empowering villagers conducted in participative manner by involving stakeholders with Friedman’s community empowerment theory. The result of research shows that community empowering process was conducted through the stage of producing citizens’ knowledge on village’s history, potency, need, and problem. The result of knowledge production was used as the data to design workshop to citizens through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) mechanism. A series of workshops have been implemented because people have interest in packaging the village’s cultural potency as tourist attraction. Citizens’ cultural potency was packaged in the forms of village profile book, village diary, documentary video, village sketch, Open Street Map (OSM) and infographic published through website and social media in order to be accessible broadly. Thus, empowering village through the potency owned in cultural context will provide knowledge, belief, understanding, and custom or habit or ethics guiding human behavior in living within its community.  </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: Empowerment, Tourism Village, Culture and Locality</em></strong><em></em></p><p align="left"> </p><h1>Abstrak</h1><p>Sektor pariwisata telah tumbuh menjadi sektor unggulan dengan pertumbuhan tersepat di dunia dan menjadi lokomotif pertumbuhan ekonomi. Setabelan, Surakarta berupaya mengembangkan kampung wisata berbasis budaya dan lokalitas. Action research ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa proses pemberdayaan warga kampung yang dilakukan secara partisipatif dan melibatkan para <em>stakeholders</em> dengan teori pemberdayaan masyarakat dari Friedman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pemberdayaan masyarakat dilakukan melalui tahap produksi pengetahuan warga tentang sejarah, potensi, kebutuhan dan problem kampung. Hasil produksi pengetahuan digunakan sebagai data untuk merancang workshop bagi warga melalui mekanisme <em>Focus Group Discussion</em> (FGD). Rangkaian workshop terlaksana karena masyarakat punya kepentingan untuk mengemas potensi budaya kampung sebagai daya tarik wisata.  Potensi budaya warga dikemas dalam bentuk buku profil kampung, <em>diary</em> kampung, video dokumenter, sketsa kampung, peta <em>Open Street Map</em> (OSM) maupun infografis dipublikasikan melalui <em>website</em> dan media sosial agar dapat diakses secara luas. Dengan demikian memberdayakan kampung melalui potensi yang dimiliki dalam konteks budaya   akan memberi bentuk pengetahuan, keyakinan, pemahaman  serta  adat  kebiasaan  atau  etika  yang menuntun  perilaku  manusia  dalam  kehidupan  di  dalam  komunitasnya</p><p align="left"><strong>Kata kunci: Pemberdayaan, Kampung Wisata, Budaya dan Lokalitas<em> </em></strong></p>

Cities and women have experienced the most vulnerable condition under the premise of economic development specifically those living in poverty. Women working in informal sectors are portrait of vulnerable family in cities where men as breadwinner sometimes unable to fulfill the financial basis. They then have to take the risks of living in slum areas in a prohibited territorial area that unable providing basic needs such as clean water, good air ventilation, sanitation, air circulation, and public or common room. Accumulation of this migration to cities has transformed cities into the most vulnerable place to live for those having no money—gentrification.

<p>Abstract : Low of skills and education background lead Tegal society was unable to access the economic formal sector in urban areas. Then, they choose the informal sectors such as street vendors, pedicab, and others to get money. Warung Tegal is one of to be a solution to keep them alive in the city. Warung Tegal become one of the solution to address this problem, moreover Warung Tegal is does not need high education and specific skills to do. The purpose of this research is to identified how Warung Tegal as a informal sector can stay and keep growing as high as city’s development to be a buffer the economic of the city. Theory that use in this research is Pierre Bourdieu’s social capital. The method that use in this research is qualitative research. The approach that use is case study and the sampling method is purposive sampling. Warung Tegal can be one of solution that can stay and compete in economic of the city. It prove that Warung Tegal can give a economic welfare to Tegal society. It can be seen that there are a lot of warteg with high persistent, mutual cooperation, and high social capital between warteg seller give a power to each other to stay in the city. Although they live in a long term in Jakarta, but they do not forget their hometown. Aplusan is a chance for them to back to their hometown. Tegal that seen as a village and Jakarta as a big city can make a strong bond between them. The conclution is Warung Tegal as a informal sector give a different point of view of city, not just a city that full of luxury but a city that look through informal sector as economic buffer zone.<br />Keywords : City, informal sector, social capital, village, warung tegal</p><p>Abstrak : Rendahnya keterampilan dan latar belakang pendidikan menyebabkan masyarakat Tegal tidak dapat mengakses sektor formal ekonomi di daerah perkotaan. Kemudian, mereka memilih sektor informal seperti pedagang kaki lima, becak, dan lain-lain untuk mendapatkan uang. Warung Tegal adalah salah satu solusi untuk membuat mereka tetap hidup di kota. Warung Tegal menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah ini, terlebih lagi Warung Tegal tidak membutuhkan pendidikan tinggi dan keterampilan khusus untuk melakukannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana Warung Tegal sebagai sektor informal dapat tetap dan terus tumbuh setinggi perkembangan kota untuk menjadi penyangga ekonomi kota. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah modal sosial Pierre Bourdieu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dan metode pengambilan sampel adalah purposive sampling. Warung Tegal dapat menjadi salah satu solusi yang dapat bertahan dan bersaing dalam ekonomi kota. Ini membuktikan bahwa Warung Tegal dapat memberikan kesejahteraan ekonomi bagi masyarakat Tegal. Dapat dilihat bahwa ada banyak warteg dengan persistensi, kerja sama timbal balik, dan modal sosial yang tinggi antara penjual warteg memberikan kekuatan untuk satu sama lain untuk tinggal di kota. Meskipun mereka hidup dalam jangka panjang di Jakarta, tetapi mereka tidak melupakan kampung halaman mereka. Aplusan adalah kesempatan bagi mereka untuk kembali ke kampung halaman mereka. Tegal yang dilihat sebagai desa dan Jakarta sebagai kota besar dapat membuat ikatan yang kuat di antara mereka. Kesimpulannya adalah Warung Tegal sebagai sektor informal memberikan sudut pandang yang berbeda dari kota, bukan hanya kota yang penuh kemewahan tetapi kota yang melihat melalui sektor informal sebagai zona penyangga ekonomi.</p><p>Kata Kunci: Kota, sektor informal, modal sosial, desa, warung tegal</p>