Abstract-This paper presents modeling of a simple but efficient photovoltaic water pumping system. The system employs maximum power point tracker (MPPT). Two MPPT algorithms, subsystems and control methods will be modeled and simulated using Matlab and Simulink with actual irradiance data. Simulation results will be presented in terms of performance parameters such as total energy produced and total volume of water pumped per day. The results further validate that MPPT can significantly improve efficiency and performance of PV water pumping system compared to the system without MPPT.

Area angles are a way to quantify the stress across an area of a power system by combining synchrophasor measurements of angles at the border buses of the area. One use of the area angle is to quickly monitor stress changes due to line outages within the area. We explain the area angle, illustrate its use on a 30-bus Japanese test system, and discuss how to choose areas.

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