I In several studies clobazam exhibited a potency which ranges between that of chlordiazepoxide and diazepam. Its anxiolytic and anti-aggression effects are produced by doses usually ranging below those that cause disorders in motor activity. 2 This separation was demonstrable to an even greater degree with the desmethyl metabolite. The activity of the metabolite, however, was weaker than that of the original substance. 3 The advantage of clobazam compared with the 1,4 benzodiazepines lies mainly in the fact that motor activity is influenced only after very high doses, these doses being markedly above those required to induce tranquilizing and anti-aggression activities. 4 Clobazam has no marked effect on the cardiovascular system, respiration or excretion.

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We elucidated the effects of orexin-A in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to compare changes in N-methyl-daspartate receptors (NMDARs) and orexin-A in the DRG between the carrageenaninduced neuropathic pain rat model (CA) and non-algetic rats (Control). We also evaluated the inhibitory effects of orexin-A by measuring [Ca 2+ ] i. Using immunohistochemistry, orexin-A expression was observed in both the posterior and anterior horns of the spinal cord. No major difference was observed between the groups. Using immunohistochemistry, orexin-A expression was also observed in neurons in the DRG, and no major difference was observed between the groups. NMDAR expression levels in the posterior horn of the spinal cord and the DRG were not quantitatively determined, but the overall staining intensity of NMDAR was higher in CA than in control rats. Also, in the DRG neurons of the CA rats, administration of orexin-A significantly suppressed the increase in [Ca 2+ ] i due to depolarization stimulation caused by high K + . Thus, the anti-nociceptive effect was due to an increase in orexin-A. Furthermore, orexin-A may have specifically acted on L-type calcium channels.

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