In this work, fine powders of spinel-type LiMn 2 O 4 as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) were produced by a facile solution combustion synthesis using glycine as fuel and metal nitrates as oxidizers. Single phase of LiMn 2 O 4 products were successfully prepared by SCS with a subsequent calcination treatment at 600 to 1000 ºC. The structure and morphology of the powders were studied in detail by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical properties were characterized by galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling and cyclic voltammetry. The crystallinity, morphology, and size of the products were greatly influenced by the calcination temperature. The sample calcined at 900 ºC had good crystallinity and particle sizes between 500 and 1000 nm. It showed the best performance with an initial discharge capacity of 115.6 mAh g -1 and a capacity retention of 93% after 50 cycles at a 1 C rate. In comparison, the LiMn 2 O 4 sample prepared by the solid-state reaction showed a lower capacity of around 80 mAh g -1 .
The temperature dependences of the intensity and the long spacing in X-ray small-angle scattering for quenched, r-ray irradiated and well annealed poly-(oxymethylene)s were measured over a range of temperature from -120°C to the neighbourhood of the melting point. In a range of temperature below 40°C, the temperature dependence of the peak intensity is due to the difference of the density between the crystalline and the amorphous layers for all samples. Observation of the change of the thermal expansion coefficient in the amorphous layer in the vicinity of -75°C gives direct evidence of glass transition. However, above 40°C the temperature dependence of the intensity can not be explained in terms of the density difference. Above 120°C, partial melting takes place for a well annealed sample and the long spacing increases slightly. On the other hand, for a quenched sample, the annealing effect arises from 120°c.
KEY WORDSX-ray / Small-angle Scattering / Glass Transition / Melting/ Annealing Effect/ Poly(oxymethylene) /
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.