Deformation and recrystallization of 17%-and 34%-rolled aluminum single crystals of cube orientation were studied. Most slip bands observed in the TD surface were straight and the occurrences of cross-slip were small. There was a relatively large orientation variation in the TD surface and the deviation from the initial orientation reached 10 in the 34%-rolled sample. After annealing, recrystallized grains were formed both at the rolled surfaces and around the middle of the thickness of the sample. Two thirds of the recrystallized grains had h111i-rotation relationships with the deformed matrix. Although all h111i-rotation relationships were found, their occurrences were not the same. Above results are compared with those obtained in tensile-deformed aluminum single crystals with the same initial orientation.