Objectives: Alzheimer's disease is a leading neurodegenerative disorders having serious effect on an individual's occupational potential and quality of life. The natural and nutritional based remedy is continuing interest for neurological disorders; hence an attempt was made to reveal memory enhancing potential of commonly available fruits, by applying the molecular docking studies. Methods: The study was conducted in aluminium chloride induced Alzheimer's Wistar albino rats for the period of 28 days. The oral administered animal groups with ethanolic extracts of peels of ripped banana and papaya (200 and 400 mg/ kg, p.o) is comparatively evaluated with positive control rats (donepezil, 1mg/kg. p.o) by behavioural studies like pole climbing test and elevated plus maze test, biochemical and histopathological parameters. Further, interaction of selected leads of banana and papaya peel with selected targets were analysed by Schrodinger Glide software. Results: Memory enhancing effects of peels was supported by shortening of transfer latency (elevated plus maze), increased number of escapes (cooks pole climbing), enhancement of brain tissue antioxidant defensive enzymes such as SOD, Catalase, GSH, reduction of activity of acetylcholine esterase and improvement of histopathological changes. Memory enhancement effect further observed by best docking score and glide energy of selected leads with targets of Alzheimer's disease such as beta secretase and acetylcholine esterase. Conclusion:On the basis of the present study, the results revealed that peel extracts of papaya and banana and used as adjuvant which shows anti-Alzheimer's disease.

The study revealed that MEPP exhibited potential antiulcer activity and showed dose dependent antiulcer effect.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the Cardioprotective activity of flavonoid fraction of Gymnema Sylvestre leaves on doxorubicin induced cardiac damage in rats. Method: The rats were divided into four groups as normal control, doxorubicin control, standard and test with six rats in each group. Cardiotoxicity was induced in all groups of animals except in normal control by single intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, i.p.). 24 h after the last treatment, the effects were evaluated by using serum biomarkers, lipid profile, tissue antioxidants, and histopathological examination. Serum and tissue homogenate parameters were measured by semi-auto analyzer and spectrophotometer, respectively. The results obtained were assessed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni test. Results: The flavonoid fraction pretreatment significantly attenuated the levels of pathological biochemical markers like creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), total cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, calcium, nitric oxide and melanoldehyde, and significantly raises the levels of endogenous protective antioxidant proteins in the doxorubicin-intoxicated rats. In the test group, pre-treatment with flavonoid fraction isolated from the leaves of Gymnema Sylvestre normalized the activity of cell membrane bound ATPases. A histopathological finding in the flavonoid fraction pretreated rats reveals that it has prevented the pathological changes observed with doxorubicin intoxication. Conclusion: Pre-treatment of rats with the flavonoid fraction of Gymnema Sylvestre significantly ameliorated the toxic insult perpetrated by doxorubicin.

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BACKGROUND: These days, poly pharmacy is very common for the treatment of multiple diseases and majority of drugs were metabolized with CYP 450 enzymes. Diabetes mellitus is such a disorder, which requires continuous therapy for the control of blood glucose concentration. Depression was quite common in diabetic patients. Therefore, multiple drugs required to treat diabetes mellitus and depression. Simultaneous administration of these drugs leads to drug interaction. Pioglitazone and trazodone metabolized by CYP3A4 enzymes which may lead to potential drug interaction. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to find the influence of trazodone on the pharmacokinetics & pharmacodynamics of pioglitazone in normal & diabetic rats, also on rabbits and subsequently effectiveness and safety of the combination was evaluated. METHODS AND MATERIAL: Blood glucose concentration was determined by Glucose oxidase/peroxidase method in normal and diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced with Streptozotocin at a dose of 55 mg/kg body weight. Serum pioglitazone concentration was estimated by high performance liquid chromatography method for pharmacokinetic data. The values were expressed as Mean ± Standard Error Mean (SEM), GraphPad Prism 3.0 (San Diego, California, USA) software was used to express the data. Student's paired 't' test was used to determine the significance. RESULTS: Pioglitazone produces hypoglycaemia in normal rats with a maximum decrease of 36.78 % ± 0.81 at 3 hours interval and anti-hyperglycaemic activity in diabetic rats with maximum reduction of 45.13 % ± 1.52 at 2 hours interval. Trazodone altered the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone and improved the pioglitazone hypoglycaemic effect. CONCLUSION: Trazodone apparently produced pharmacokinetic interaction with pioglitazone which might be by attenuating the metabolism of pioglitazone. Therefore, care should be taken in simultaneous therapy with pioglitazone and trazodone.