Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric illness with high rate of relapse which is commonly associated with noncompliance of medicine, as well as stress and high expressed emotions. The objective of the study was to determine the factors of relapse among the schizophrenic patients attending in outpatient departments of three tertiary level psychiatric facilities in Bangladesh. This was a cross sectional study conducted from July, 2001 to June, 2002. Two hundred patients including both relapse and nonrelapse cases of schizophrenia and their key relatives were included by purposive sampling. The results showed no statistically significant difference in terms of relapse with age, sex, religion, residence, occupation and level of education (p>0.05), but statistically significant difference was found with marital status and economic status (p<0.01). The proportion of non-compliance was found to be 80% and 14%, of high expressed emotion was 17% and 2% and of the occurrence of stressful life events was 10% and 1% in relapse and non-relapse cases respectively which were statistically significant (p<0.001). The study indicated that stressful life events, high expressed emotion, and noncompliance with medication had a role in schizophrenic patients for its relapse.Bang J Psychiatry December 2015; 29(2): 59-63

Objectives: To evaluate the clinico-demographic profile and management of foreign body (FB) aspiration in hospitalized patients. Methodology: This was a retrospective study conducted at the National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Heart (NIDCH), Dhaka during the period of October 1994 to February 2006. Medical records were used for collection of cases. The diagnosis of FB aspiration was made from documented presenting features, physical findings, investigations of chest radiology, CT scan whenever done and management outcome with rigid bronchoscopy and surgical interventions like bronchotomy or resection surgery. Results: Most of the patients 374 (97.5%) were children up to 15 years of age with the peak age of 1-10 years (81.3%). Males were affected more (63%) than females (37%). The majority of the patients (96%) were from poor socio-economic status. Most of the patients 297 (77.7%) presented early (within 7 days of aspiration) with cough and respiratory distress. There was late (after 7 days up to 12 years) presentation in 85 (22.2%) cases with respiratory complications. FB was found to be radio-opaque in 122 (31.9%) cases on chest imaging. Rigid bronchoscopy was attempted in all cases initially and it was successful to remove FB in 99.6% cases in patients who presented early. But it failed to remove the FB in 49 (57.6%) of cases when the patients presented late. Most of the FBs were of natural in origin 247 (64.6%) and the number of artificial FBs was less 135 (35.3%). FBs found impacted more on the right bronchial tree in 230 (60.2%), followed by left side in 121 (31.6%) and central airway in 31 (8.1%) cases. In failed cases, bronchotomy, lobectomy and pneumonectomy were the other modalities (57.6%) of management. Conclusion: Children of the age group 1-10 years were found most vulnerable for FB aspiration. FB of natural origin were common in our situation. FBs were impacted mostly on the right side. Removal of FB by rigid bronchoscopy was excellent when the patients presented early. Other difficult modalities of management like bronchotomy, lobectomy and pneumonectomy were needed in cases of late presentation. DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v30i1.6177 Bangladesh J Child Health 2006; VOL 30 (1/2/3): 12-16

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is a rare life-threatening infection caused by fungi from the order Mucorales. The disease occurs mostly in association with diabetic ketoacidosis. Because of its rapid progression and high mortality, early recognition and aggressive treatment offer the only chance to increase the survival rate. A case of rhinocerebral mucormycosis in a diabetic male patient presenting as post surgical complication is reported. The clincal manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of rhinocerebral mucormycosis are discussed.Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 7, No. 2: Jul 2016, P 56-62