Current restorative materials with high fluoride release generally have lower mechanical properties. Therefore they may not be as durable clinically as lower fluoride release materials, particularly in load bearing areas. The aim of the present study is to explore the fluoride release and recharging ability as well as its compressive strength of the newly developed material called Giomer. The name Giomer is a hybrid of the words Glass Ionomer and Composite. Giomer contain a revolutionary PRG (Pre Reacted Glass) filler technology. They have properties of both conventional Glass Ionomer (fluoride release and recharge) and resin Composite (excellent esthetics, easy polishability and biocompatibility). MATERIALS & METHODS: Seven disk specimens of Giomer, Compomer and Glass Ionomer restorative materials were prepared for measurement of fluoride release and recharge using Ion Chromatography (IC) anion analyzer machine. Another seven disk specimens of Giomer, Compomer and Composite restorative materials were prepared for measurement of compressive strength using Universal Testing Machine (UTM). RESULTS: The value of compressive strength of Giomer is greater than that of Composite and Compomer but the fluoride release capability of Giomer becomes low in comparison to Glass Ionomer but not significant in comparison to compomer. CONCLUSIONS: Giomer have high compressive strength (271 Mpa) and an initial fluoride (1.41 ppm) release. It also exhibit fluoride recharge capabilities. So, Giomer to be a better restorative material other than any fluoride releasing materials. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v2i2.15533 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2012; 2 (2): 28-37

Abstract:Present study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of Electronic Apex Locator to measure the root canal length in presence of blood, an unavoidable event during extirpation of vital pulp. A number of sixty (60) previously untreated extracted human maxillary and mandibular permanent mature anterior teeth having more or less straight roots with single root canal were included in the study. Root canal lengths were measured using a no. 15 k-file (Mani Inc, Tokyo Japan) in all the teeth until it was just visible through apical foramen that was confirmed by viewing them in Stereomicroscope. The measurements obtained by the Stereomicroscope of all teeth were consider as the 'Gold standard' and was also consider as the actual length of those teeth. Using an Electronic Apex locator (Foramatron D 10, Percell, USA) was used to measure the canal length of the same sixty teeth introducing human blood into the canal. Now the measurements taken by Electronic Apex locator (EAL) in presence of blood were compared with the actual length taken by the stereomicroscope and difference in the error length compared with stereomicroscopic length were calculated in a range from -0.5mm to >1 mm. It was observed that working length measurements by EAL in presence of blood within canal mostly remain within clinically acceptable range (± 0.5 mm). Introduction:Determining root canal length with accuracy is a crucial factor for success of root canal therapy. Errors in determining root canal length result in instrumentation short of the canal terminus, allowing pulp tissue and necrotic debris to remain in the canal. Faulty working length can also lead to instrumentation longer than the canal terminus thus destroying the delicate apical region. The literature suggests that the preparation and obturation of the root canal should be at or short of the apical constriction. 1 To attain this objective the endpoint of the root canal system and the canal terminus, should be detected as precisely as possible during preparation of the canal.

Background: Clinicians always faces some challenges to reconstruct proper proximal contact while restoring class-II cavity with composite resin due to its viscosity, elastic property and polymerization shrinkage. It has been claimed that use of sectional pre-contoured matrix band with separation ring will produce more reliable result for reconstruction of optimal proximal contact in class II composite resin restoration. Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of sectional pre-contoured matrix band with separation ring for reconstruction of optimal proximal contact in class II resin composite restoration. Methodology:  One Nissin manikin model having the facility of placing and screwing all upper and lower sets of artificial human teeth and sixty-two (62) artificial human mandibular permanent 1st molar teeth were collected. These 62 artificial human mandibular permanent 1st molars were randomly assigned in two groups (A & B) having 31 teeth in each. Standardized class II MO (mesio-occlusal) cavity were prepared on total 31 artificial 1st molar in group A. The 2nd premolar in the manikin model was replaced by metal cast duplicate and permanently fixed into the socket. All the Thirty-one (31) 1st molar teeth in group A, having Prepared class II cavity in each, were replaced one by another in the manikin distal to cast duplicated 2nd premolar and restored with composite resin by using sectional pre-contoured matrix band with separation ring and another 31 uninstrumented intact artificial 1st molars were include in group B as a reference group. After completion of restoration, newly developed proximal contact points were measured by using universal testing machine one after another. Same were also done in intact reference Group B. Measurement was done to assess the position of contact point, contact tightness and contact area of Group A and Group B on the same typodont. The results were analyzed statistically with post hoc Bonferroni test (P<0.05). Result: Teeth restored with sectional pre-contoured matrix with separation ring (group A) provided the tighter contact and broadened area of contact where all the contact points were placed  more occlusally compared to that of the intact un-instrumented reference teeth (group B).Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were produced in all the three parameters with each other. Conclusion: Teeth restored with sectional pre-contoured matrix band with separation ring failed to reconstruct the optimal proximal contact in class-II composite resin restoration in comparison to intact uninstrumented reference tooth. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2021; 11(2): 16-19

Abstract:The present case describes the clinical & radiographic outcome of a Portland Cernent pulpotomy. The 5 years old girl presenting extensive carious exposure in her mandibular left 2nd deciduous molar and was suffering pain in her left lower jaw only on exposure to cold for last 2 days. She was ultimately diagnosed clinic-radio-graphically as a case of irresersible pulpitis. Coronal pulpotomy procedure was carried out in the responsible tooth and Portland cement (PC) was applied as a medicament after pulpotomy. At the 3 & 6-months follow-up appointments, treated tooth was asymptomatic clinically and radiographic examinations revealed no sign of periradicular pathosis in the pulpotomized teeth. Additionally, the formation of a dentin bridge immediately below the PC in the treated tooth was confirmed by RVG and CBCT.

This paper describes a case of progressive idiopathic external root resorption at cement-enamel junction in multiple teeth of both jaws ongoing for 6 years. In addition to clinical features serial radiographs are presented that revealed progressive involvement of root resorption. Since the first appointment until the next 6 years no clinical, radiographic or laboratory findings were available to disclose the etiology of such extensive ongoing resorption; neither the provided treatments could arrest the progression of the pathology that forced the clinicians to diagnose the case as progressive idiopathic external resorption.Update Dent. Coll. j: 2014; 4 (2): 14-19