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In Malaysia, wheremotorcycles are often used as a family vehicle, children tend to travel as pillion riders at an early age, most commonly sat in front of the rider, either on the fuel tank or in the carrying basket, or alternatively behind the rider. This study aims to determine the possible mismatches between individual lower limb dimensions of Malaysian primary students and motorcycle pillion seat. An anthropometric survey was carried out on a sample of male and female school children aged 7-9 years (N=233), to elucidate on the anthropometric parameters of Malaysian children. A set of seen body dimensions covering most of the lower extremity, relevant to the design of riding pillion on a motorcycle were considered. Additionally, an investigation of foot-foot peg gap and knee opening length on a static motorcycle test rig was also measured. There is a significant vertical difference between child pillion riders’ feet relative to motorcycle foot pegs. The maximum height of students who were not able to reach the foot pegs was 1263 mm with a mean of 1137 mm, which is similar with student volunteers’ age 7 years old (mean = 1160 mm). Stature influences the centre of gravity and stability of motorcycle, especially during cornering. This anthropometric analysis could be used to design ergonomic-oriented motorcycles which will not only suit the small stature of child pillion riders, but also improve the level of comfort.

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In its bid to become a developed nation in a few years' time, Malaysia has to consider various prevailing socio-economic and sociotechnical issues in the country. In the transportation sector per se, the ELV policy and initiative is one of the lacking parts in the country's automotive ecosystem -in which a successful ELV program will not only cater the environmental concern but also help the safer car initiative for road users. This particular paper discusses what is regarded as the preliminary findings on the ELV policy from the Malaysia's automotive ecosystem study database. From a total of 484 respondents, 268 or 55.4% had agreed to the proposal to introduce an age limit for passenger vehicles in Malaysia. The majority of those who gave their nod to the policy choose 10 years of vehicle age as the limit (38.9%), and a staggering 79.8% of them supposed that the age limit should be between 5 to 10 years. Further analysis based on the Multiple Logistic Regression found out that from a total of nine important variables related to car users' profile and ownership status, the significant predictors to "the agreement to introduce vehicle age limit" were age, income and car status (new or used). Thus, this finding might be beneficial for the policymakers to strategize the ELV policy that sooner or later should be implemented in the Malaysia's "developed country" environment.

Exploring the causes and effects of a hazardous event such as traffic accidents have been of vital importance to society. Statistical analyses have been widely implemented to understand and deduce inferences on the cause-effect analysis, and to anticipate the occurrences of accidents in the future. One of the issues that has not been solved through conventional statistical modelling is the existence of interrelationships between variables in the data set. However, with the advent of technology and the wide application of machine learning algorithm, this problem can be solved through the application of Bayesian network analysis, which is a directed acyclic probabilistic graphical model. By using Hill Climb (HC) and Tabu algorithms, the structure of the data was studied and the relationship was estimated through conditional probability, that is based on the Bayes' theorem. The results suggests that weather plays a major role in the increase of traffic accidents, and occurs by disrupting lighting conditions which then disrupts the traffic systems. Furthermore, the results indicate that fatal accidents have a higher likelihood to occur in head-on, turn over and out of control accidents. The use of the Bayesian network creates probability estimates to enable the identification of the risk and the necessary precaution needed to be implemented.