BackgroundSelf-rated health (SRH) has been widely studied to assess health inequalities in both developed and developing countries. However, no studies have been performed in Central Asia. The aim of the study was to assess gender-, ethnic-, and social inequalities in SRH in Almaty, Kazakhstan.MethodsAltogether, 1500 randomly selected adults aged 45 years or older were invited to participate in a cross-sectional study and 1199 agreed (response rate 80%). SRH was classified as poor, satisfactory, good and excellent. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to study associations between SRH and socio-demographic characteristics. Crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) for poor vs. good and for satisfactory vs. good health were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsAltogether, poor, satisfactory, good and excellent health was reported by 11.8%, 53.7%, 31.0% and 3.2% of the responders, respectively. Clear gradients in SRH were observed by age, education and self-reported material deprivation in both crude and adjusted analyses. Women were more likely to report poor (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-3.1) or satisfactory (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2-2.1) than good health. Ethnic Russians and unmarried participants had greater odds for poor vs. good health (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5-3.7 and OR = 4.0, 95% CI: 2.7-6.1, respectively) and for satisfactory vs. good health (OR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1-1.9 and OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4-2.5, respectively) in crude analysis, but the estimates were reduced to non-significant levels after adjustment. Unemployed and pensioners were less likely to report good health than white-collar workers while no difference in SRH was observed between white- and blue-collar workers.ConclusionConsiderable levels of inequalities in SRH by age, gender, education and particularly self-reported material deprivation, but not by ethnicity or marital status were found in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Further research is warranted to identify the factors behind the observed associations in Kazakhstan.

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Recognizing the economic and health-outcome value of early cognitive assessment and intervention among its older citizens has guided the Innovative Research School in Gerontology of the SD Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University to begin the process of establishing its nation's first memory center in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Life expectancy in Kazakhstan, which continues to undergo health-care reform since its independence in 1991 from the former Soviet Union, has steadily risen from 64.4 years in 1996 to 68.67 in 2009. With increased life expectancy has been a corresponding rise in cognitive impairments among older adults. The components of the Memory Center, which comprises assessment, education and support, non-pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical interventions, are described.

В данной статье оценивается психоэмоциональное состояние студентов бакалавриата КазНМУ в условиях пандемии COVID-19, основанное на анкетировании. В исследовании приняли участие 490 человек: 370 человек (75,5%) со школы общей медицины, со школы общественного здравоохранения - 77 (15,7%), со школы педиатрии - 43 человека (8,8%). Была выявлена зависимость уровней депрессии и тревоги от таких показателей, как беспокойство за свое здоровье и здоровье своих близких, беспокойство за свою успеваемость и чувство возросшей учебной нагрузки, трудности с концентрацией при учебе, ощущение социальной изоляции и наличие финансовых трудностей. В то же время демографические показатели не влияли на выраженность депрессии и тревоги у студентов. При анализе методов борьбы с психоэмоциональным стрессом никто из ответивших не сказал об обращении за профессиональной психологической помощью в условиях пандемии, в связи с чем основной рекомендацией данной работы было посещение психолога. This article assesses the psycho-emotional state of undergraduate students of KazNMU in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on a questionnaire. The study involved 490 people: 370 people (75.5%) from the school of general medicine, from the school of public health - 77 (15.7%), from the school of pediatrics - 43 (8.8%). Depression and anxiety levels were found to be dependent on such indicators as concern for their health and the health of their loved ones, anxiety for their academic performance and a feeling of increased workload, difficulty concentrating while studying, feeling socially isolated and having financial difficulties. At the same time, demographic indicators did not affect the severity of depression and anxiety in students. When analyzing methods of dealing with psycho-emotional stress, none of the respondents said about seeking professional psychological help in a pandemic, and therefore the main recommendation of this work was to visit a psychologist.

В период вспышки COVID-19 весь мир, в том числе Казахстан был ориентирован на оказание экстренной помощи пациентам с коронавирусной инфекцией. На фоне увеличения нагрузки на систему здравоохранение, в связи с пандемией система здравоохрарнение и экономическое положение РК не справлялась. Система здравоохранения связанный с короновирусом наглядно продемонстрировал необходимость корректировок и переосмысление некторыха спектов вопроса организации стационарной помощи. Цель. Определить направлений совершенствования оказания стационарной помощи взрослому населению в условиях пандемии на примере многопрофильных стационаров г. Алматы. Метод исследования. Обобщение, систематизация и анализ отечественного и зарубежного опыты организации стационарной помощи при пандемии. Выводы. Была предложена оптимизированная и научно обоснованная организационная модель стационарной помощи при пандемии в условиях г. Алматы. Данная модель позволяет качественно и эффективно оказывать стационарную помощь взрослому населению в условиях пандемии на примере многопрофильных стационаров. Resume: During the outbreak of COVID-19, the whole world, including Kazakhstan, was focused on providing emergency care to patients with coronavirus infection. Against the backdrop of an increase in the burden on the healthcare system, due to the pandemic, the healthcare system and the economic situation of the Republic of Kazakhstan could not cope. The health care system associated with the coronavirus has cleary demonstrated the need for adjustments and rethinking some aspects of the issue of organizing hospital care. Aim. The purpose of the article is to identify areas for improving the provision of inpatient care to the adult population in a pandemic using the example of multidisciplinary hospitals in Almaty. Search strategy. The research methods were generalization, systematization and analysis of domestic and foreign experience in organizing hospital care during a pandemic. Result. An optimized and evidence-based organizational model of inpatient care during a pandemic in the conditions of Almaty was proposed. This model makes it possible to provide high-quality and effective inpatient care to the adult population in a pandemic using the example of multidisciplinary hospitals.