Aim: To determine the pattern of dyslipidemia and the extent to which lipid therapy may reduce the risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) in individuals with Diabetes. Study design: A retrospective study. Place and Duration:This study was conducted at National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Karachi from march 2021 to March 2022. Methodology: During the study, biochemical, clinical, and pharmaceutical profiles of every patient with Diabetes were compiled. After removing patients with lipid-lowering medication and those withthyroid dysfunction the prevalence of different lipid disorders was calculated. The patients' triglyceride levels, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol and other clinical records were assessed. Based on recommendations from the American Diabetes Association, the effectiveness of statin therapy was evaluated. Results: The total number of 367patients was incorporated into the study. Forty percent of them had hyperlipidemia. Elevated LDL cholesterol was the most prevalent lipid abnormality. LDL cholesterol levels were shown to be correlated with increased HbA1C and fasting blood glucose readings. Twenty-seven percent of individuals were receiving statin medication. A total of 42.6 percent of individuals on statins had LDL cholesterol levels under 100 mg/dL.

Aim: To assess the lipid profile and blood glucose concentration association between diabetic patients with and without cardiac disease. Study design: Case-control study Place and Duration: National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Karachi from January 2021 to June 2021 Methodology: The study included a total of 180 participants categorized into comparative groups. Diabetic patients were categorized into cardiac and non-cardiac patients. Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire, and clinical data were recorded with the physical examination. Blood was collected from all patients for further glucose and lipid profile testing. Data were evaluated using SPSS version 21. Results: The average age was 49.53 ± 11.24 and 54.38 ± 11.87 years for non-cardiac and cardiac patients. Whereas BMI of 28.16 ± 5.89 and 27.64 ± 4.18 was observed in diabetic patients with non-cardiac and cardiac diseases. A total of 73 (81.2%) were smokers with cardiac diseases, and 58 (64.4%) were smokers without cardiac disease. A total of 80% of cardiac and 57.7% of non-cardiac patients had a family history of diabetes. Significant high levels of Cholesterol, LDL-C, and Glucose were observed. However, significantly lower levels of HDL-C were observed between patients with and without cardiac disease. Conclusion:The results of the current study indicate that patients with diabetes having cardiovascular disease have a significant association with biochemical parameters. Those with diabetes are more likely to acquire hyperlipidemia. Keywords: Biochemical parameter, cardiovascular disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Cholesterol, Dyslipidemia

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Abstract The Central Bank’s borrowing of a portion of excess liquidity and its accumulation in its balance sheet as liabilities with interest, its frequent raising of the legal reserve ratios, intervening in the exchange market through the purchase of foreign currency, then absorbing the effect of this purchase on local liquidity, providing deposit facilities with interest and offering its Central Bank orders to banks in the subsidiary market all come under the title of sterilization policies. This is quite evident from minimizing local crediting.  In an attempt to control excess liquidity, the factors determining monetary sterilization policy and reserved money have been attended to so as to concisely forecast the course of the monetary variables until the year 2030 in order to maintain the stability of the monetary basis from the impact of the changes in oil price. This has been conducted through the adoption of prediction models of autoregression moving averages (ARIMA) model in addition to the artificial neural networks model (ANN) since the growth in government expenditure indicates that the monetization of oil revenues has caused a structural fiscal deficit in the Iraqi economy. Such a deficit should be restricted by the sterilization policy through monetary policy tools. Based on this, the balance of the budget in an economy depending on oil revenue cannot guarantee economic stability unless public spending is managed with a degree of independence from the fluctuations in oil price.