Introduction Endocrine disorders may adversely affect men’s sexual function. Aim To provide recommendations based on best evidence for diagnosis and treatment of endocrine-related male sexual dysfunctions. Methods The Endocrine Aspects of Male Sexual Dysfunctions Committee, including 11 members from eight countries and four continents, collaborated with the Endocrine subcommittee of the Standards Committee of the International Society for Sexual Medicine. Medical literature was reviewed in detail, followed by extensive internal committee discussion over 2 years, then public presentation and discussion with the other experts before finalizing the report. Main Outcome Measure Recommendations based on grading of evidence-base medical literature and interactive discussion. Results From animal studies, it is derived that testosterone modulates mechanisms involved in erectile machinery, including expression of enzymes that both initiate and terminate erection. In addition, testosterone is essential for sexual motivation. Whether these findings could be extrapolated to human erections is unclear. Testosterone plays a broad role in men’s overall health. Recent studies have established strong associations between low testosterone and metabolic and cardiovascular imbalances. In some studies, low testosterone decreased longevity; however, longitudinal studies do not support the predictive value of low testosterone for further cardiovascular events. The article proposes a standardized process for diagnosis and treatment of endocrine-related male sexual dysfunctions, updating the knowledge on testosterone and prostate safety. There is no compelling evidence that testosterone treatment causes prostate cancer or its progression in men without severe testosterone deficiency (TD). The possible roles of prolactin and thyroid hormones are also examined. Conclusions Men with erectile dysfunction, hypoactive sexual desire and retarded ejaculation, as well as those with visceral obesity and metabolic diseases, should be screened for TD and treated. Prospective interventional studies are required before screening for TD in more conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, and considering correction as preventive medicine as much data suggests.

Introduction Addition of testosterone (T) may improve the action of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) in patients with erectile dysfunction not responding to PDE5-Is with low or low-normal T levels. Aims To confirm this add-on effect of T in men optimally treated with PDE5-Is and to specify the baseline T levels at which such an effect becomes significant. Methods A multicenter, multinational, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 173 men, 45–80 years, nonresponders to treatment with different PDE5-Is, with baseline total T levels ≤4 ng/mL or bioavailable T ≤ 1 ng/mL. Men were first treated with tadalafil 10 mg once a day (OAD) for 4 weeks; if not successful, they were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled design to receive placebo or a 1% hydroalcoholic T gel (50 mg/5 g gel), to be increased to 10 mg T if results were clinically unsatisfactory. Main Outcomes Measures Mean change from baseline in the Erectile Function Domain Score of the International Index of Erectile Function and rate of successful intercourses (Sexual Encounter Profile 3 question). Results Erectile function progressively improved over a period of at least 12 weeks in both the placebo and T treatment groups. In the overall population with a mean baseline T level of 3.37 ± 1.48 ng/mL, no additional effect of T administration to men optimally treated with PDE5-Is was encountered. The differences between the T and placebo groups were significant for both criteria only in the men with baseline T ≤3 ng/mL. Conclusions The maximal beneficial effects of OAD dosing with 10 mg tadalafil may occur only after as many as 12 weeks. Furthermore, addition of T to this PDE5-I regimen is beneficial, but only in hypogonadal men with baseline T levels ≤3 ng/mL.

Background/Objectives:Long-term testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) up to 5 years has been shown to produce progressive and sustainable weight loss (WL) in hypogonadal men. This study investigated effects of long-term TRT up to 8 years in hypogonadal men with different obesity classes.Subjects/Methods:From two independent observational registries we identified a total of 411 obese, hypogonadal men receiving TRT in urological clinics. The effects of TRT on anthropometric as well as metabolic parameters were studied for a maximum duration of 8 years, mean follow-up: 6 years. All men received long-acting injections of testosterone undecanoate in 3-monthly intervals.Results:In all three classes of obesity, T therapy produced significant WL, decrease in waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI). In patients with class I obesity, mean weight decreased from 102.6±6.4 to 84.1±4.9 kg, change from baseline: −17.4±0.5 kg and −16.8±0.4%. WC in this group of patients decreased from 106.8±7.4 to 95.1±5.3 cm, change from baseline: −10.6±0.3 cm. BMI decreased from 32.69±1.4 to 27.07±1.57, change from baseline: −5.52±0.15 kg m−2. In patients with class II obesity, weight decreased from 116.8±6.9 to 91.3±6.3 kg, change from baseline: −25.3±0.5 kg and −21.5±0.4%. WC decreased from 113.5±7.5 to 100.0±5.4 cm, change from baseline: −13.9±0.4 cm. BMI decreased from 37.32±1.45 to 29.49±1.71, change from baseline: −8.15±0.17 kg m−2. In patients with class III obesity, weight decreased from 129.0±5.6 to 98.9±4.8 kg, change from baseline: −30.5±0.7 kg and −23.6±0.5%. WC decreased from 118.5±5.6 to 103.8±4.9 cm, change from baseline: −14.3±0.4 cm. BMI decreased from 41.93±1.48 to 32.46±1.59, change from baseline −9.96±0.29 kg m−2.Conclusions:Testosterone therapy appears to be an effective approach to achieve sustained WL in obese hypogonadal men irrespective of severity of obesity. Based on these findings we suggest that T therapy offers safe and effective treatment strategy of obesity in hypogonadal men.