Spatial and temporal variations of the isotopic composition of precipitation over Thailand were investigated. The local meteoric water line for Thailand deviates slightly from the global meteoric water line, with lower slopes (7.62 ± 0.07, 7.59 ± 0.08) and intercepts (6.42 ± 0.39, 6.22 ± 0.42) using ordinary and precipitation weighted methods. Differences in spatial and temporal δ18O distributions between the tropical monsoon and tropical savanna climate zones were found due to differing moisture source contributions and seasonal precipitation patterns. The temporal data reveals that the northeast monsoon rains originate from isotopically‐enriched local moisture with isotope values of −9.36 to −0.09‰ (mean − 3.73 ± 0.42‰), whereas the southwest monsoon clouds had a more significant rainout effect from Rayleigh distillation, with isotope values of −9.56 to −1.78‰ (mean − 5.40 ± 0.38‰). The precipitation amount at each site was negatively correlated with δ18O (−0.24 to −3.20‰ per 100 mm, R2 = 0.1–0.9). Furthermore, δ18O was negatively correlated with geography (latitude, altitude) for the southwest monsoon periods, as expected based on other observed correlations. However, an inverse correlation was seen in the northeast monsoon due to differing moisture transportation as part of the continental effect. The correlation coefficient (R) was higher in the southwest monsoon (−0.84 for latitude effect, −0.64 for altitude effect) than the northeast monsoon (0.67 for latitude effect, 0.35 for altitude effect). The spatial pattern of isotopic composition reflects the southwest monsoon more clearly than the northeast monsoon, but the two monsoons also have a cancelling impact on orographic patterns. An agreement of the δ18O and deuterium excess (d‐excess) was a negative correlation and found to reflect precipitation sources and re‐evaporation processes. The d‐excess was slightly higher for the northeast monsoon, bringing moisture from the Pacific Ocean and travelling across the continent before reaching the observed stations. By contrast, the d‐excess was relatively lower for the Indian Ocean's moisture in the southwest monsoon.

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Proposal for the design of a hydrometeorological network for the urban area of the municipality of IbaguéThe lack of hydrometeorological measurement systems in some cities of the Andean region of Colombia, where its mountainous system is characterized by a changing topography and a wide biodiversity of ecosystems, has generated a total ignorance of the water potential that exists in these regions, the lack of direct policies that seek to anticipate the generation of natural disasters related to the extreme events associated with times of high rainfall and intense sequences and the lack of monitoring equipment that quantify and value the water resources of a region has controlled that Colombia does not know the behavior of the climate in its regions, especially in urban areas, it is very important when it relates to the planning of the territory and for human development; the city of Ibagué in the department of Tolima, is no exception. At present, the urban area of the city of Ibagué has only three weather measurement stations where the only variable measured is rain, of which two are located inside the urban perimeter of the city and one outside it, The low amount of equipment inside it has helped local and environmental authorities without having accurate information to develop policies aimed at the administration of water resources, as well as the recording and analysis of the maximum events that occur in the urban area of the municipality. With the present work, it is sought to implement a hydrometeorological monitoring system tending to provide basic information in the construction of climate knowledge of the city, in turn, it seeks to contribute directly in the generation of information tending to adapt the city to climate hazards which is currently presented. Another of the main problems of this work is to provide a useful tool that allows the city of Ibagué to be resistant to the damage of climate change that directly threatens its inhabitants and the agricultural development of the region.

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