Nuclear power is a carbon-free source of energy, and features as a key component in the mix of energy towards meeting ambitious decarbonization goals. However, as it currently stands, nuclear power generation is orders of magnitude more expensive when compared to fossil energy sources. Recently, there has been a significant push, by both the US government and the power industry, towards identifying and addressing opportunities for cost reductions in nuclear power generation. While capital costs are being addressed through innovative Smart Modular Reactor (SMR) designs, reductions in Operations and Maintenance (O&M) costs is an equally important opportunity. Enhanced methods for remote monitoring and health management-based maintenance optimization has been recognized as a key element for reducing preventive and corrective maintenance costs. Beyond sensor data and signal processing, there is also significant potential for reducing manual efforts and improving productivity in maintenance scheduling and planning activities. By utilizing state-of-the-art Technical Language Processing (TLP) methods to analyze large volumes of historical maintenance case data, there is the potential to automate the generation of maintenance recommendations to reduce human effort and accelerate maintenance processes. This paper presents our efforts towards developing a prescriptive maintenance system that integrates with and enhances state-of-the-art asset performance management software available in the industry. The goal of prescriptive maintenance is to analyze the behavior of an asset, assess its condition, and recommend specific actions to maximize the utility of that asset. Specifically, this work evaluates three approaches of different complexities for vectorization of short-text maintenance case titles for kNN-based recommendation of cases relevant to a new input case title. Industrial text must first be vectorized to build automated and/or machine learning-based prediction and recommendation models. The choice of vectorization methods heavily dictates how the language gets modeled and consequently impacts the performance of downstream prediction and recommendation models. The objective of the nearest neighbor case recommendations is to reduce manual Subject Matter Expert (SME) effort and increase consistency of recommended maintenance actions on industrial assets by reusing actions performed on the identified nearest neighbor cases from past maintenance work. Four models based on three text vectorization approaches are evaluated, quantitatively and qualitatively, using real data from a large variety of utility customers from the energy domain. A single tier (WVEC-1tier) and a three-tier (WVEC-3tier) approach that represent case titles in word-based vector spaces each significantly outperform a more complex bag-of-phrases topic vector space-based approach (TVEC-K-topics). We present our findings and challenges identified so far in building such a recommendation system.

Evolving cybersecurity threats are a persistent challenge for system administrators and security experts as new malwares are continually released. Attackers may look for vulnerabilities in commercial products or execute sophisticated reconnaissance campaigns to understand a target's network and gather information on security products like firewalls and intrusion detection / prevention systems (network or host-based). Many new attacks tend to be modifications of existing ones. In such a scenario, rule-based systems fail to detect the attack, even though there are minor differences in conditions / attributes between rules to identify the new and existing attack. To detect these differences the IDS must be able to isolate the subset of conditions that are true and predict the likely conditions (different from the original) that must be observed. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic abductive reasoning approach that augments an existing rule-based IDS (snort [29]) to detect these evolved attacks by (a) Predicting rule conditions that are likely to occur (based on existing rules) and (b) able to generate new snort rules when provided with seed rule (i.e. a starting rule) to reduce the burden on experts to constantly update them. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach by generating new rules from the snort 2012 rules set and testing it on the MACCDC 2012 dataset [6].

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