Background: The Zinc oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized successfully by using Tagetes erecta flower aqueous extract and evaluated for their antioxidant potential, antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential. Methods: Phytochemical screening of aqueous crude extract and synthesized ZnO NPs of Tagetes erecta flower revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, amino acids, tannins, and proteins, etc. The characterization was done by various spectral analyses. Invitro antioxidant activities of synthesized ZnO NPs were found to possess concentrationdependent free radical scavenging activity was carried on different free radicals i.e. DPPH and ABTS. Antimicrobial activity of synthesized ZnO NPs was done by agar well diffusion method and compared with control ampicillin, while cytotoxic effects were determined by MTT assay against human cervical cancer cell line. Results: UV-Visible spectra were conducted to confirm the synthesis of ZnO NPs and peak obtained at 364.15nm. X-ray analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles and the average size of the nanoparticles was 30-50nm and was spherical shape analyzed by SEM. The synthesized ZnO NPs showed antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms and maximum inhibition zone was found against E.coli in gram-negative and S.aureus in gram-positive bacteria. Synthesized ZnO NPs were showed 50% cell viability at 26.53µg/ml against the HeLa cancer cell line. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study suggests both the aqueous crude extract of Tagetes erecta flower and synthesized ZnO NPs showed an excellent alternative source of antimicrobial agent also an attractive selective cytotoxic activity against HeLa tested cancer lines, offering satisfying ‘safe and cheaper’ alternatives to conventional therapy protocols.

Background: The Nanomaterials/Nanoparticles are of great interest today because of their small size and large surface area, modular and easily tunable morphology and size. Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles are widely used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Research on the synthesis and properties of metallic nanomaterials is a growing field of nanotechnology due to the use of nanoparticles in the scientific, technical, pharmaceutical, and biomedical fields. Green synthesis is an emerging technology for the production of nanoparticles due to its many advantages over traditional physical processes and the method of chemical synthesis. Methods: In this study, we report the cost-effective, long-lasting, stable, and regenerative aqueous extract of Eletteria cardamom seeds to target the synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). This method is completely green, free from toxic and harmful solvents. CuO NPs were synthesized from a cupric nitrate mixture and the aqueous extracts of Eletteria cardamom seeds were kept at room temperature for 24 h. CuO NPs were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier Transfer infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) analyzes. UV - Vis spectroscopy revealed the presence of CuO NPs. Results: SEM images stated that the particles were spherical and ranged in size from 1–100nm. FTIR spectra of control (seed extract) and synthesized CuO NPs identify functional groups of active components. In addition, the synthesized CuO NPs were tested for antimicrobial activity by standard disc diffusion method. Conclusion: Nanoparticles found that Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus resistant areas were observed around each well with antimicrobial activity against disease-causing pathogenic strains.

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Fluoride (F), an inorganic substance, is everywhere in the environment. Fluoride exposure is caused mainly by geogenic sources, such as drinking wells and deep soil water. Excess fluoride-containing water usage for many years may cause neurotoxic damage. The mechanism underlying the neurotoxicology of endemic fluorosis remains obscure. Fluoride crosses the blood-brain barrier and accumulates within neurons. In our study, chronic exposure to fluoride-induced epileptogenesis in neuroblastoma (SK-N-SH) cells was followed with tools like Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Synapsin 1 (SYN 1) protein expression. SK-N-SH cells were incubated with fluoride water (1 mg/L and 6 mg/L) for 24 h in-vitro. Prolonged ingestion of fluoride causes chronic fluorosis. Fluoride exposure reduced cell viability gradually from 48 to 96 h. The standard structure of axon spines and dendritic outgrowth in high fluoride water vanished. TrkB activated MAPK/ERK downstream signaling pathway is triggered by increased BDNF protein expression and decreased SYN 1 protein levels observed in fluoride water incubation. Further 96 hours incubation with fluoride-cleared water increased viability of SK-N-SH cells and a normal expression of BDNF and SYN 1 protein levels, suggests that fluoride-blocked BDNF-TrkB pathway might have been replaced by high-levels expression of BDNF protein where incubation medium contains concomitant lowered levels of fluoride. Hypothesis is that scaffold proteins regained normal expression might have influenced conducted normal excitation and transmission could reduce neurotoxic effect or even might control seizures.