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Background: The appropriateness of hysterectomy has gained an interest in scrutiny and debate. Periodic audits of the prevailing clinical practices are imperative for insight, and to formulate recommendations and guidelines. We report the temporal trends of hysterectomies, over the last 10 years in a teaching hospital. Methods: Present study involved all patients who underwent hysterectomy at a teaching hospital, from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021. Patients were identified by medical record tracking using International Classification of Diseases-9 codes. Case records were reviewed for demography, indication for surgery, approach, complications, hospital stay, and histopathological correlation.Results: Over the years the absolute number of hysterectomies in our hospital has ranged from 414 to 597 (mean 476), barring the coronavirus 19 pandemic year. The proportion of hysterectomy among all gynaecological admissions has ranged from 6% to 9%, except in 2020 where this proportion dropped down to 4%. The indications, age distribution, surgical approach, and complications have remained almost same. Conclusion:We report a static trend in hysterectomy over the past 10 years. This audit provides an insight for the need of shifting the abdominal to vaginal route, in carefully chosen patients. This will be beneficial for the patients, and for the trainees, where they can learn under supervision. Availability and patient education about the nonsurgical management options for benign gynecological conditions, as well as awareness about sequelae of hysterectomy, will bring down the rate in countries such as India.

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Metabolic syndrome consists of hypertension, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and fatty liver. Thiazides are the leading treatment for hypertension, but some clinical studies have suggested adverse metabolic effects. We sought for the first time to characterize the metabolic effects of thiazides in an animal model of metabolic syndrome. SHROB rats are obese, hypertensive and express every component of human metabolic syndrome. Adult female SHROB rats (N=6 per group) were fed a purified diet (AIN 93) replete with electrolytes and treated in their drinking water for 5 weeks with either vehicle (250 ppm saccharine and 100 ppm sodium benzoate) or hydrochlorothiazide (achieved dose of 44±2 mg/kg/d). Systolic blood pressure fell progressively from 184±5 to 142±2 mmHg with thiazide treatment while remaining unchanged in controls. Heart rate was not affected. Body weight, food intake, and water intake did not differ between groups, nor did fasting glucose or insulin. Oral glucose tolerance testing (6 g/kg by gavage after an 18h fast) showed increased plasma glucose levels in the thiazide group (at 60 min post load, 394±48 vs 214±51 mg/dL in controls, P<0.05 by t‐test). Insulin levels at the same time were half again higher in SHROB treated with thiazide (90±20 vs 61±14 ng/mL in controls, NS, but two‐way ANOVA shows a difference, P<0.05 by F‐test). Relative liver mass was increased in the thiazide group relative to controls (43±3 vs 35±3 g/kg body weight, P<0.05 by t‐test). Thus, thiazide was an effective antihypertensive therapy in the SHROB model of metabolic syndrome but worsened glucose tolerance and insulin resistance and enlarged the already fatty liver. The secretory response of the pancreas to glucose was apparently not impaired or even increased, suggesting that insulin signaling may be affected by thiazides.Research support for this study was given by Ophthalmology Education Worldwide

As we are moving forward in the fourth industrial revolution, the need & demand for everything at the edge of any network is increasing or we can say that we need "hands on technology". Mobile edge computing (MEC) in the 5G network is stepping towards it. The propinquity with customers and local network stations is a key factor to take off load from cloud stations which have to perform various real-time processes that could exercise the various problems. The 5th generation just popped in right, with it's faster speed we would be able to meet the demand of the MEC. From taking load of the cloud servers, to be in charge of data traffic MEC along with 5G is foreseeing next-Generation needs. The fundamental shift to cellular networks is epic, data transmission has become easier. We aim to achieve low-latency bandwidth, fast speed network, high data transmission in milliseconds, dense area coverage, mobility, cost efficient & quality experience for end users. It might open many opportunities for various companies, vendors & IT services as market value is huge but first we need to overcome many challenges. The requirement of flexible architecture, management, network bearer carriers, infrastructure, security, efficiency and most importantly connecting large numbers of users we have a lot to achieve. Future is virtualization by providing backhaul cloud storage and less computing, globalization could take place in MEC in coming years. In the era of IOT & AI, MEC promises to provide light weight devices, open source innovation by adding high value to business.I.