SUMMARY The expression ofimmunoreactive a interferon was examined in 78 liver biopsy specimens using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Biopsy specimens included cases of acute viral hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis, large bile duct obstruction and normal liver. Kupffer cells were positive for a interferon in all cases. Hepatocytes were negative for a interferon in normal liver but in acute viral hepatitis were positive in perivenular and necrotic areas. Hepatocytes were positive in periportal areas, associated with piecemeal necrosis, in chronic active hepatitis and primary biliary cirrhosis, and were positive in perivenular areas in alcoholic hepatitis and large bile duct obstruction.The unexpected finding of a interferon in hepatocytes in non-viral liver disease indicates that the presence of this substance in liver cells cannot be taken as a specific marker of viral infection.Hepatitis B (HBV) virus is not directly cytopathic and T cell mediated cytolysis is considered to be the means of viral elimination in HBV infection. The recognition of infected cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes depends on the association between viral determinants and class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The interferons are known to induce an increase of synthesis and display of MHC class I molecules, and it has been proposed that during acute HBV infection, interferon promotes hepatocyte MHC class I display, which increases the possibility of immune attack by cytotoxic T cells. There is indirect evidence to support this hypothesis. In uncomplicated acute HBV infection plasma interferon concentrations rise,' and increased hepatocyte expression of (2 microglobulin (a subunit of HLA class I antigen) has been shown.2 Recently a technique for the detection of immunoreactive a interferon (IFN-a) in formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissue has been developed.3 We used this technique on a series of liver biopsy specimens to investigate the expression of a interferon in viral hepatitis and in other liver diseases to ascertain ifits expression by hepatocytes is a specific indicator of viral infection. Material and methodsSeventy eight percutaneous and wedge liver biopsy specimens from nine cases of acute viral hepatitis, 14

Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation caused by progressive infiltration in adipose tissue macrophage (increase M1 pro-inflammatory and decrease M2 anti-inflammatory). In this study, we aim to assess the inflammatory status of obese patients and the impact of using resveratrol as a therapeutic approach. A cross sectional trial on 10 patients from surgical word in KAUH were assessed by DII and blood test to measure there inflammatory status. In addition, a questionnaire is used to observe their social habits and medical history. Then an ex vivo study will be carried to assess the effect of resveratrol of adipose tissue macrophage. Results have shown that all volunteers had pro-inflammatory score of DII and high CRP. There was no association between types and amount of polyphenols intake and level of CRP, except flavonols was strongly associated negatively with CRP (p<0.05, R 2 = 0.425). DII can be used in the future as a new tool in the routine assessment of the inflammatory potential for the diet, which can be applied to obese population in Saudi Arabia. In the next step of this research, we will study the therapeutic application of resveratrol to treat obesity from inflammatory aspect.