Despite the low rate of infection in Yemen, there are concerns about the possible spread of HIV among high-risk and vulnerable groups. A community-based study was made in 2005 of AIDS awareness and attitudes among 601 young people aged 15-24 years from low-income, high-risk neighbourhoods in Aden. Young people lacked proper information about HIV/AIDS. Although 89% had heard of AIDS, fewer (46%) could name 3 ways of transmission or 3 ways to avoid infection (28%). Misconceptions about modes of transmissions were prevalent and many young people believed that they faced little or no risk. There were intolerant attitudes towards AIDS patients. About half the young people knew that prostitution and homosexuality existed in their area.

Although HIV prevalence is low in the Republic of Yemen, existing conditions could lead to the rapid spread of HIV/AIDS. Interviewers helped 1033 residents aged 14-49 years from randomly chosen households to complete a survey of knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about HIV/AIDS. General awareness was good, although there were many misconceptions about transmission modes, stigmas and discrimination against HIV positive persons. Knowledge was significantly determined by schooling, residence and sex. Although they recognized the global threat of AIDS, participants underestimated its threat to the Republic of Yemen. Television was the commonest source of information. Fostering public awareness is recommended to facilitate the development of intervention programmes, fight stigmas and ensure delivery of care to those affected.