Background Vitiligo is an acquired cutaneous depigmenting disease caused by a T helper (Th) 1–cytotoxic T cells driven autoimmune attack against melanocytes, in which Th17 is also involved. Interleukin (IL)‐38 belongs to the IL‐1 family of cytokines and suppresses Th1 and Th17 activation. IL‐38 protein and mRNA levels have been found to be elevated in various autoimmune disorders and correlated with disease severity and activity, including psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and atopic dermatitis. No previous studies have been performed to investigate the expression of IL‐38 in patients with vitiligo. Aim To evaluate IL‐38 serum level in patients with vitiligo compared to healthy controls (Hcs) and examine the association between IL‐38 level and severity and activity of vitiligo. Patients and Methods The study comprised 21 patients with vitiligo and 21 Hcs. Vitiligo severity and activity were evaluated via Vitiligo Extent Score (VES) and Vitiligo Disease Activity (VIDA) Score, respectively. IL‐38 serum level was evaluated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results Vitiligo patients had significantly higher serum level of IL‐38 than Hcs (p < 0.001). This level was significantly higher among patients with signs of vitiligo activity (p = 0.048), correlated positively with VES (p < 0.001), and correlated negatively with the age of patients (p = 0.001) and the age of disease onset (p = 0.022). Conclusion IL‐38 serum level was higher in patients with vitiligo than in Hcs and was related to vitiligo severity and signs of activity.

Background: Glucose is the main source of energy for the human body. The liver plays an important role in physiological glycemic control as it produces, stores & release glucose depending on our need for glucose through involvement in several glucose metabolism processes including glycogenesis & glycolysis.After meal, carbohydrates in the food we eat are reduced into simplest form, glucose. Excess glucose removed from body and converted into glycogen in a process called glycogenesis. Many studies approved that type 2 diabetes and hepatogenous diabetes are associated with increased risk of complication of chronic liver diseases and mortalityGenetic factors play a major role as well. HCV is considered a diabetogenic agent through multiple mechanisms: autoimmune phenomena, direct cytotoxic effect on pancreatic cells, and, blockage of insulin receptors at cellular levels. Alcoholic chronic liver disease affect both hepatocytes and pancreatic islet cells. Diagnosis of hepatogenous diabetes may be difficult as clinical manifestation in early stages of chronic liver disease may be absent and fasting plasma glucose may be normal.So in our study we want to identify the best investigation to assess diabetes in chronic liver disease patients. Three prospective studies were collected assessing impact of diabetes among chronic liver disease patients; mainly the outcome, and all of them demonstrate lower 5-year cumulative survival Aim: To provide data to augment the standard of care in diabetic patients with chronic liver disease.. Methods: Through a formal permission and access to the (VF-IFH) data and recording system.Data are recorded in a paper-based database system. Collection of data will be via copying the data into an excel sheet. Diabetic status; fasting glucose will be used as a gold standard to divide patients into diabetics (abnormal fasting glucose) and non-diabetics (normal fasting glucose level). Assessment of HbA1C values and patients diabetic control, as documented in (VF-IFH) database, the sample size for this study is 167 of chronic hepatitis C patients Results: The sample size for this study is 167 of chronic hepatitis C patients. Out of 167 questioned patients, 30.54% are diabetics. 25.5% of diabetic patients have normal HA1C (controlled) & 74.5% have abnormal HA1C (uncontrolled). 78.43% of patient have elevated fasting plasma glucose & about 21.57% have normal values. About 56.86% of hepatitis C patients that have diabetes, have abnormal kidney function (elevated serum creatinine). Conclusion: Chronic liver disease affects glucose metabolism, ranging from mere glucose intolerance to overt diabetes, which is known as hepatogenous diabetes.We find that, about 50, 54% of chronic hepatitis C patients are diabetics with 25, 5% have normal HA1C, 74, 5% have abnormal levels. With no limitations, results precisely answer our question, demonstrate that hepatogenous diabetes is a common problem among chronic liver patients and HA1C is not a standard assessment tool for diabetes.Finally, we wait more researches to explain the pathological basis of the mysterious relation between cirrhosis and HA1C