Pigtail catheters and chest tubes have long been used for drainage of pleural collections for many years. In thoracic surgery, each technique is preferred in certain conditions. Pigtail catheters have the advantages of being smaller in size, more flexible, less traumatic, easier in insertion, and are associated with lower complication rates. They are particularly effective in draining non-viscid and non-coagulable fluids. The main disadvantages are their ineffectiveness in draining thick fluids, their higher liability to clogging, kinking, and obstruction. Chest tubes, on the other hand, have larger diameters allowing faster and more efficacious drainage of thick fluids and hemothorax. However, they are more painful, more distorting to tissues, and have higher complications rates. The aim of this article is to provide a review on both systems, and to compare the reported safety, efficacy, and complications of each.

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Introduction: Since early days of medicine, there has always been a need for evidence based practices which enable the physician to determine the best treatment strategies and replicate the results again and again. The importance of evidence based medicine was stressed by Hippocrates who declared that the physician needs to "rely on actual evidence rather than on conclusion resulting solely from reasoning because arguments in the form of idle words are erroneous and can be easily refuted." (1) Aim of the work: The aims of our study are to evaluate and assess the advantages, disadvantages, and outcomes of Mishra technique in unilateral complete or incomplete cleft lip repair. Patients and Methods: Our study is a prospective study which was conducted at Minia University Pediatric Hospital. We enrolled 50 patients with unilateral cleft lip operated upon with Mishra technique from September 2020 to September 2021. Results: A total of 50 pediatric patients with unilateral cleft lip were included in our study at

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